Fig. 3.

Effects of prenatal stress and maternal antioxidant treatment on anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. The male and female offspring of stressed and non-stressed dams, treated with vehicle or MitoQ-NP, were tested for anxiety-like behavior using the light-dark box (LDB) and the elevated plus maze (EPM). Time spent in the light compartment of the LDB (a, c) and the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM (b, d) was recorded. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 between groups indicated (two-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman Keuls post-hoc test). n = 8/group. Heat maps illustrating movement of male rats in the LDB (e) and the EPM (f). Red boxes represent the light compartment and open arms of the LDB and EPM, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)