Leeya et al. (2010) |
Healthy adult female Wistar rats (N = 6, 210–250 g) under pentobarbital anesthesia |
CA |
1–10 mg/kg administered intravenously |
Mean blood pressure and heart rate decreased only at a 10 mg/kg dose |
Zhou et al. (2006) |
Adult male Wistar rats (N = 6, 210–250 g) subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) under chloral hydrate anesthesia |
CA |
10 and 50 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally 30 min before MCAO, 0,1 and 2 h after reperfusion on the first day, then twice daily from days 2 to 5 |
No difference in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow among sham, ischemic and ischemic + CA groups |
Yokozawa et al. (1995) |
Male Wistar rats (N = 6; 200–210 g) with adenine-induced renal failure and consequent hypertension (no anesthesia) |
CA |
10 mg/kg administered orally in drinking water for 24 days |
No difference in systolic and mean blood pressure |
Agunloye et al. (2019) |
Cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats (N = 6, undisclosed strain, gender, age and weight; no anesthesia) |
CA |
10 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day orally administrated for 7 days |
Significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and heart rate |
Iraz et al. (2005a) |
Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 6; 12 w.o.; 250–300 g) under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg administered intravenously |
Dose-dependent decrease in mean blood pressure and heart rate; 1 mg/kg lowered the mean blood pressure up to 20 s and 5 and 10 mg/kg up to 2 min; 10 mg/kg decreased heart rate up to 10 min; 20 mg/kg caused death after a few seconds |
Iraz et al. (2005b) |
Healthy (N = 8) and bivagotomized (N = 8) male Sprague Dawley rats (12 w.o.; 250–300 g) under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
5 mg/kg administered intravenously |
The mean blood pressure was lowered up to 1 min |
Hassan et al. (2014) |
Healthy, insulin-resistant and insulin-resistant male Wistar rats (N = 8; 85–155 g; undisclosed age) without anesthesia |
CAPE |
30 mg/kg/day administered orally by gavage for 6 weeks |
In healthy animals, systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure did not change |
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In insulin-resistant and insulin-deficient animals, CAPE alleviated the increase in systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure |
Gun et al. (2016) |
High fructose consumer Sprague Dawley rats (8 w.o.; undisclosed gender and weight) without anesthesia |
CAPE |
50 μmol/kg/day administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks |
CAPE significantly ameliorated the increase in blood pressure that accompanied vascular damage |
Eşrefoglu et al. (2005) |
Male Wistar rats (N = 8; 250–350 g; undisclosed age) subjected to CAO under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
50 μmol/kg administered intravenously 10 min before and during occlusion |
CAPE prevented the drop in blood pressure induced by I/R injury and accelerated recovery to pre-injury values |
Cagli et al. (2005) |
Male Wistar rats (250–350 g, undisclosed age and sample size) subjected to CAO under thiopental anesthesia |
CAPE |
10 μmol/kg administered intravenously 10 min before occlusion |
No differences in heart rate between the control and CAPE-treated groups |
Ozer et al. (2004) |
Male Wistar rats (N = 7; 250–350 g) subjected to CAO under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
1.25 μM/kg/min administered intravenously 10 min before and during occlusion by infusion |
No changes in blood pressure and heart rate between the control and CAPE-treated animals |
Parlakpinar et al. (2005) |
Male Wistar rats (N = 8; 10–12 w.o.; 200–250 g) subjected to CAO under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
50 μmol/kg administered intravenously before and during occlusion |
No difference in heart rate or blood pressure in the control, ischemic or CAPE-treated groups. CAPE exerted no effect during ischemia or reperfusion |
Altuǧ et al. (2008) |
New Zealand white male rabbits (N = 6; 2.5–3 kg) subjected to MCAO under ketamine, xylazine and atropine anesthesia |
CAPE |
10 μmol/kg/day intraperitoneally after MCAO for 7 days |
No differences in blood pressure in CAPE-treated and control groups |
Khan et al. (2007) |
Male Sprague–Dawley rats (240–260 g; undisclosed age and sample size) subjected to MCAO under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia |
CAPE |
1,2,5, and 10 mg/kg administered intravenously during MCAO or after reperfusion |
No difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the control and animals treated with CAPE during cerebral I/R injury |
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Cerebral blood flow increased significantly at a dose of 2 mg/kg in comparison to controls |
Tsai et al. (2006) |
Male Long–Evans rats (270–350 g) subjected to MCAO under halothane anesthesia |
CAPE |
0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/kg administered intravenously 15 min before MCAO |
No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure between groups |
Fadillioglu et al. (2004) |
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (60 days old) receiving doxorubicin under urethane anesthesia |
CAPE |
10 μmol/kg/day administered intraperitoneally for 12 days |
CAPE attenuated the doxorubicin-induced increase in heart rate and blood pressure |
Mollaoglu et al. (2006) |
Adult males Wistar Albino rats (N = 12; 8 w.o., 280 g) receiving cadmium chloride i.p., for 15 days (undisclosed use of anesthesia) |
CAPE |
10 μmol/kg/day administered intraperitoneally for 15 days |
No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure |
Castellano et al. (2016) |
Male Sprague Dawley rats (275–325 g; undisclosed age and sample size) |
CAPE |
40 μM |
In heart preparations CAPE restored L-NAME-induced compromise in left ventricle diastolic and end-systolic pressures after I/R injury |
Chang et al. (2013) |
Adult male Hartley guinea-pigs (300–350 g, N = 9–10; undisclosed age) |
CAPE |
1, 3, and 10 μM for cardiac electrical conduction studies |
Negative chronotropic effect and frequency-dependent depression of AV nodal conduction. |
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Reduction in the occurrence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation |
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3, 10, 30, 100 μM for cardiac contraction studies |
Decrease in left ventricular pressure |
Ho et al. (2013) |
Healthy (N = 5) and diabetic (N = 9) male Wistar rats (8 w.o.; 250–300 g), under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia |
CAPA |
1, 3, and 10 μM intravenously in heart preparations |
No change in heart rate |
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CAPA |
1, 5, and 10 mg/kg administered orally by gavage |
No changes in blood pressure (data not shown in paper) |