Table 2.
Characteristics of the studies.
| Study | Subjects and Grouping | Training Modality, Program, and Intensity | Duration and Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kucio et al. (2017) [19] | 26 M 47–66 y.o NW (15) CG (11) |
Supervised NW Warm up: 10’ Main part: week 1, 30’ of NW at 3 km/h. week 2–4, 40’ of NW at 5 km/h. HR 40–70% of HMmax |
4 weeks 5 d/w 40–50 min |
| Pilch et al. (2018) [20] | 17 F mean 57 y.o. NW (17) |
Supervised NW Warm-up: 15’ of walking and dynamic stretching Main part: 60’ of NW on grass and natural surface at 60–70% of HRmax Cool-down: 10–15’ of stretching and relaxing exercises |
6 weeks 3 d/w 90 min |
| Derengowska et al. (2015) [21] | 32 F 50–68 y.o. NW (32) |
Supervised NW Warm-up |
10 weeks 5 d/w 60 min |
| Derengowska et al. (2015) [22] | 89 F 50–75 y.o. NW (69) CG (20) |
Supervised and no supervised NW Warm-up and cool-down (3 supervised and 3 no supervised) |
10 weeks 6 d/w 60 min |
| Wiklund et al. (2014) [23] | 90 F 20–50 y.o. NW (45) DI (45) |
Supervised NW Week 1: 60% HRmax Week 2–3: 65% HRmax Week 4–5: 70% HRmax Week 6: 75% HRmax DI Reduction of portion size, control meal rhythm, change the composition of food (light margarine, vegetable oil, low-fat milk and meat, vegetables, fruits, increase fiber intake). Drink water, light beverage, mild juice, coffee and tea. |
6 weeks 3–4 d/w 30–60 min |
| Trabka et al. (2013) [24] | 46 F NW (25) DI (21) |
Supervised NW Warm-up: 10 min Main part: 40 min of NW and 20 min of strength training. HR increased progressively from 50% to 80% of HRres, 10% every 2 weeks. Strength exercise was performed in 3 sets. Repetitions were 15 squats, 30 heel-raises, sit-ups until exhaustion, and 15 push-ups on knees. Cool-down: 10 min of stretching DI No high-fat and high-glycemic food Eating 5 times per day, no after 7.00 p.m. or 3 h before sleep Drinking at least 1.5 L of water |
10 weeks 3 d/w 80 min |
| Fritz et al. (2013) [25] | 213 (118 F, 95 M) 45–69 y.o. NW-NGT (87) NW-IGT (14) NW-T2DM (20) CG-NGT (75) CG-IGT (21) CG-T2DM (30) |
No supervised NW Participants were instructed to increase their weekly level of physical activity by 5 h of NW. |
4 months 5 h/w |
| Venojärvi et al. (2013) [26] | 79 M 40–65 y.o. NW (39) CG (40) |
Supervised NW Warm-up: walking and stretching of the main muscle group for 5’. Main part: weeks 1–4 at 55% of HRres; weeks 5–8 at 65% of HRres; weeks 9–12 at 75% of HRres. Cool-down: stretching of the main muscle group for 5’. |
12 weeks 3 d/w 60 min |
| Fabre et al. (2011) [27] | 23 F NW (12) WT (11) |
Supervised and no supervised NW 4 weeks of learning of NW technique before the intervention Warm-up: 5–10’ Main part: 30’ of interval training, 6 bouts of 5 min (4’ at preferred walking speed followed by 1’ at maximal walking speed) Cool-down: 5–10’ 1 supervised and 2 unsupervised NW Supervised and no supervised WT Follow NW but without poles. 1 supervised and 2 unsupervised WT |
12 weeks 3 d/w 40–50 min |
| Gram et al. (2010) [28] | 44 (37 M, 31 F) 25–80 y.o. NW (22) CG (22) |
Supervised NW Warm-up: 10’ Main part: 30’ (>40% of VO2max). Cool-down: 5’ |
4 months 1–2 d/w 45 min |
d/w: day/week; h/w: hour/week; NW: Nordic Walking; CG: Control Group; DI: Diet Group; WT: Walking Training; NGT: Normal Glucose Tolerance; IGT: Impaired Glucose Tolerance; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes.