Table 4.
Characteristics of reported acute and overuse injuries [results are presented in numbers (percentage)].
| All athletes | Male athletes | Female athletes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Endurance athletes | Explosive athletes | Total | Endurance male athletes | Explosive male athletes | Total | Endurance female athletes | Explosive female athletes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Acute | Overuse | Acute | Overuse | Total | Total | Acute | Overuse | Total | Acute | Overuse | Total | Total | Acute | Overuse | Total | Acute | Overuse | ||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 117 | (100.0) | 9 | (100.0) | 24 | (100.0) | 38 | (100.0) | 46 | (100.0) | 64 | (100.0) | 25 | (100.0) | 8 | (100.0) | 17 | (100.0) | 39 | (100.0) | 19 | (100.0) | 20 | (100.0) | 53 | (100.0) | 8 | (100.0) | 1 | (100.0) | 7 | (100.0) | 45 | (100.0) | 19 | (100.0) | 26 | (100.0) |
| LOCATION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head | 1 | (0.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Trunk | 15 | (12.8) | 1 | (11.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 8 | (21.1) | 6 | (13.0) | 9 | (14.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 9 | (23.1) | 6 | (31.6) | 3 | (15.0) | 6 | (11.3) | 1 | (12.5) | 1 | (100.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 5 | (11.1) | 2 | (10.5) | 3 | (11.5) |
| Upper extremity | 9 | (7.7) | 1 | (11.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (7.9) | 5 | (10.9) | 7 | (10.9) | 1 | (4.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 6 | (15.4) | 3 | (15.8) | 3 | (15.0) | 2 | (3.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (4.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (7.7) |
| Pelvic/Hip/Groin | 12 | (10.3) | 1 | (11.1) | 4 | (16.7) | 4 | (10.5) | 3 | (6.5) | 5 | (7.8) | 2 | (8.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 1 | (5.9) | 3 | (7.7) | 2 | (10.5) | 1 | (5.0) | 7 | (13.2) | 3 | (37.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (42.9) | 4 | (8.9) | 2 | (10.5) | 2 | (7.7) |
| Quadriceps | 5 | (4.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (7.9) | 2 | (4.3) | 2 | (3.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (10.0) | 3 | (5.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (6.7) | 3 | (15.8) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Hamstrings | 26 | (22.2) | 1 | (11.1) | 2 | (8.3) | 7 | (18.4) | 16 | (34.8) | 14 | (21.9) | 3 | (12.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 2 | (11.8) | 11 | (28.2) | 3 | (15.8) | 8 | (40.0) | 12 | (22.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 12 | (26.7) | 4 | (21.1) | 8 | (30.8) |
| Knee | 14 | (12.0) | 2 | (22.2) | 6 | (25.0) | 6 | (15.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 10 | (15.6) | 7 | (28.0) | 2 | (25.0) | 5 | (29.4) | 3 | (7.7) | 3 | (15.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (7.5) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (14.3) | 3 | (6.7) | 3 | (15.8) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Anterior lower leg | 5 | (4.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (4.3) | 4 | (6.3) | 3 | (12.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (17.6) | 1 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (5.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.8) |
| Posterior lower leg | 16 | (13.7) | 2 | (22.2) | 3 | (12.5) | 3 | (7.9) | 8 | (17.4) | 5 | (7.8) | 3 | (12.0) | 2 | (25.0) | 1 | (5.9) | 2 | (5.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (10.0) | 11 | (20.8) | 2 | (25.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (28.6) | 9 | (20.0) | 3 | (15.8) | 6 | (23.1) |
| Ankle (lateral) | 2 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.6) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Foot | 12 | (10.3) | 1 | (11.1) | 6 | (25.0) | 1 | (2.6) | 4 | (8.7) | 7 | (10.9) | 6 | (24.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 5 | (29.4) | 1 | (2.6) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 5 | (9.4) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (14.3) | 4 | (8.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (15.4) |
| TYPE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concussion | 1 | (0.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Stress fracture | 2 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (8.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (3.8) | 2 | (25.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (28.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Other bone injuries | 9 | (7.7) | 1 | (11.1) | 3 | (12.5) | 1 | (2.6) | 4 | (8.7) | 5 | (7.8) | 4 | (16.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 3 | (17.6) | 1 | (2.6) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (7.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (8.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (15.4) |
| Ligmanetous injuries | 9 | (7.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (4.2) | 7 | (18.4) | 1 | (2.2) | 5 | (7.8) | 1 | (4.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (5.9) | 4 | (10.3) | 3 | (15.8) | 1 | (5.0) | 4 | (7.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (8.9) | 4 | (21.1) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Meniscus/cartilage | 3 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.3) | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (1.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.6) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (3.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (4.4) | 1 | (5.3) | 1 | (3.8) |
| Muscle strain/tear | 15 | (12.8) | 4 | (44.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 11 | (28.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 8 | (12.5) | 4 | (16.0) | 4 | (50.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (10.3) | 4 | (21.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 7 | (13.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 7 | (15.6) | 7 | (36.8) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Muscle cramps | 59 | (50.4) | 2 | (22.2) | 8 | (33.3) | 12 | (31.6) | 37 | (80.4) | 30 | (46.9) | 5 | (20.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 4 | (23.5) | 25 | (64.1) | 8 | (42.1) | 17 | (85.0) | 29 | (54.7) | 5 | (62.5) | 1 | (100.0) | 4 | (57.1) | 24 | (53.3) | 4 | (21.1) | 20 | (76.9) |
| Tendinosis/tendinopathy/ aponeurosis | 15 | (12.8) | 1 | (11.1) | 10 | (41.7) | 2 | (5.3) | 2 | (4.3) | 12 | (18.8) | 10 | (40.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 9 | (52.9) | 2 | (5.1) | 1 | (5.3) | 1 | (5.0) | 3 | (5.7) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (14.3) | 2 | (4.4) | 1 | (5.3) | 1 | (3.8) |
| Arthritis/synovitis/bursitis/ impignement | 4 | (3.4) | 1 | (11.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.3) | 1 | (2.2) | 3 | (4.7) | 1 | (4.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.1) | 1 | (5.3) | 1 | (5.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (5.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| SEVERITY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minor | 62 | (53.0) | 5 | (55.6) | 14 | (58.3) | 17 | (44.7) | 26 | (56.5) | 34 | (53.1) | 15 | (60.0) | 4 | (50.0) | 11 | (64.7) | 19 | (48.7) | 8 | (42.1) | 11 | (55.0) | 28 | (52.8) | 4 | (50.0) | 1 | (100.0) | 3 | (42.9) | 24 | (53.3) | 9 | (47.4) | 15 | (57.7) |
| Moderate | 36 | (30.8) | 1 | (11.1) | 6 | (25.0) | 12 | (31.6) | 17 | (37.0) | 21 | (32.8) | 6 | (24.0) | 1 | (12.5) | 5 | (29.4) | 15 | (38.5) | 8 | (42.1) | 7 | (35.0) | 15 | (28.3) | 1 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (14.3) | 14 | (31.1) | 4 | (21.1) | 10 | (38.5) |
| Severe | 19 | (16.2) | 3 | (33.3) | 4 | (16.7) | 9 | (23.7) | 3 | (6.5) | 9 | (14.1) | 4 | (16.0) | 3 | (37.5) | 1 | (5.9) | 5 | (12.8) | 3 | (15.8) | 2 | (10.0) | 10 | (18.9) | 3 | (37.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (42.9) | 7 | (15.6) | 6 | (31.6) | 1 | (3.8) |
For all athletes, there was a significant difference between acute and overuse injuries in the distribution of injury type (Chi2 = 40.9; p < 0.0001), but not for location and type.