Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis of association between opioid pain medication use and unemployment due to disability (N = 604)

Parameter	Estimate	SE	OR	95% CI for the OR		P Value
Intercept	−0.9518	1.2265				0.44
Opioid medication use	1.1249	0.2589	3.080	1.854	5.116	<0.01
Age	0.0519	0.0102	1.053	1.032	1.075	<0.01
Gender	−0.1452	0.1356	0.748	0.440	1.273	0.28
Pain severity	0.0624	0.0739	1.064	0.921	1.230	0.40
Pain interference	0.0629	0.0570	1.065	0.952	1.191	0.27
PHQ-9 score	0.0184	0.0240	1.019	0.972	1.068	0.44
Global physical health	−0.1828	0.0595	0.833	0.741	0.936	<0.01
Global mental health	−0.1199	0.0409	0.887	0.819	0.961	<0.01
Language*	0.0776	0.2874	1.081	0.615	1.898	0.79
Born in the United States	0.0696	0.2442	1.072	0.664	1.730	0.79

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

^*English vs Spanish and other.