Table 4.
Risk of bias assessment of observational studies on mental disorder and TB treatment outcomes and non-adherence, according to ROBINS-I criteria
| Risk of bias | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Due to confounding |
Selection of participants into the study |
Classification of exposure |
Deviations from intended exposure |
Missing data |
Measurement of outcomes |
Selection of the reported result |
Overall bias judgement |
| Ambaw | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Franke | Serious | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Govender | Serious | Serious | Serious | ? | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious |
| Naidoo | Moderate | Serious | Serious | ? | Low | Serious | Serious | Serious |
| Peltzer | Serious | Serious | Serious | Low | ? | Serious | Low | Serious |
| Scuffell | Serious | Low | Low | ? | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Theron | Moderate | Low | Serious | ? | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Tola | Serious | Serious | Serious | ? | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Ugarte-Gil | Moderate | Low | Low | Serious | ? | Low | Low | Serious |
| Yan | Moderate | Serious | Serious | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Serious |
? = no information on which to base a judgement about risk of bias for this domain
Low risk of bias (the study is comparable to a well-performed randomized trial with regard to this domain)
Moderate risk of bias (the study is sound for a non-randomized study with regard to this domain but cannot be considered comparable to a well-performed randomized trial)
Serious risk of bias (the study has some important problems)
Critical risk of bias (the study is too problematic to provide any useful evidence on the effects of intervention