Figure 3.

Neuromodulatory interplay that promotes the hippocampal sharp wave-ripple (SWR) brain state. It shows the balance of neuromodulatory tone that promotes hippocampal SWRs, which by extension is the neuromodulatory balance that may trigger a mind-wandering episode. (a) The teal sphere reflects the pro-SWR zone, that is, the balance of hippocampal neuromodulatory levels that is conducive to SWR occurrence; (b) an example of a precise state-space trajectory following an SWR; (c) if the SWR triggers increased noradrenaline, this will probably lead to a ‘network reset' [120]; (d) if the SWR recruits low cholinergic tone, this will facilitate further sensory isolation; (e) heightened serotonergic tone can trigger non-SWR-related mind-wandering. DA = dopamine; ACh = acetylcholine; 5-HT = serotonin; NA = noradrenaline. (Online version in colour.)