Site location of radiocarbon dates in SAAD. All sites are within the contiguous SAAD, the boundary of which is defined using four of the Koppen–Geiger climate classification zones using table 1 from Peel et al. [43]: BWh, arid hot desert, mean annual precipitation (MAP) < 5× Pthreshold, mean annual temperature (MAT) ≥ 18°C; BWk, arid cold desert, MAP < 5× Pthreshold, MAT < 18°C; BSh, arid steppe hot, MAP ≥ 5× Pthreshold, MAT ≥ 18°C; BSk, arid steppe cold MAP ≥ 5× Pthreshold, MAT < 18°C. (Online version in colour.)