. 2020 Nov 11;11:572373. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572373

TABLE 4.

Anti-fibrotic effect of Sal B.

Animal models/cell types	Stimuli	Concentration of Sal B	Mechanisms	References
*In vivo*
Hepatic fibrosis (rat)	TAA	50 mg/kg (i.g.)	ALT, AST, fibrosis score, HO-1, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, MDA, α-SMA, gp91^phox, p47^phox↓	(Tsai et al., 2010)
Hepatic fibrosis (rat)	TAA	50 mg/kg (i.g.)	GSH↑	(Tsai et al., 2010)
Hepatic fibrosis (rat)	DMN	10 mg/kg (i.g.)	α-SMA, TGF-β1, TβR-I, and TβR-II↓	(Tao et al., 2013)
Hepatic fibrosis (rat)	DMN	10 mg/kg (i.g.)	Col-I, α-SMA, AT1R, ERK/pERK	(Li et al., 2012)
Chronic pancreatitis (rat)	DBTC	10 mg/kg (i.g.)	AST, ALT, BUN, Cr, MDA, α-SMA, Col-I, TGF-β, p-Smad2/3↓	(Xu et al., 2016)
Chronic pancreatitis (rat)	DBTC	10 mg/kg (i.g.)	SOD, Smad7↑	(Xu et al., 2016)
Systemic sclerosis (mouse)	Bleomycin	10 mg/kg (i.p.)	Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Ctgf, PAI-1↓	(Liu et al., 2019)
Hepatic fibrosis (mouse)	CCl₄	100 mg/kg (i.g.)	α-SMA, Col-I, desmin, vimentin, Smo, Gli2 and, DNMT1↓	(Yu et al., 2015)
Hepatic fibrosis (mouse)	CCl₄	100 mg/kg (i.g.)	E-cadherin, PTCH1↑	(Yu et al., 2015)
Liver cirrhosis (rat)	DMN	12.5 mg/kg (i.g.)	ALT, AST, bilirubin, Hyp	(Xu et al., 2012)
*In vitro*
HSC-T6 cells	PDGF	200, 300, 400 μM	HO-1, Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, p-JNK, p-p38, Trx, p-PKC-δ, p-PKD↓	(Tsai et al., 2011)
HSC-T6 cells	PDGF	200 μM	ROS, α-SMA, gp91^phox, p47^phox↓	(Tsai et al., 2010)
Primary rat HSCs	TGF-β1	1, 10 µM	α-SMA, TβR-I, T[1]II, TβRI, Smad3, p-Smad3↓	(Tao et al., 2013)
Primary rat HSCs	TGF-β1	10 μM	α-SMA, Col-I, p-MEK, p-ERK, p-Raf, p-p38, MEF2C, MEF2A, p-MKK3/6↓	(Lv et al., 2010)
Primary rat HSCs	TGF-β1	10 μM	ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways↓	(Lv et al., 2010)
Primary mouse HSCs	-	10 μM	α-SMA, Col-I, desmin, vimentin, Smo, Gli2, DNMT1↓	(Yu et al., 2015)
Primary mouse HSCs	-	10 μM	Caspase3, E-cadherin, PTCH1↑	(Yu et al., 2015)
MRC5 cells	TGF-β1	1, 10 μM	Col-I, TGF-β1, α-SMA↓	(Zhang et al., 2014)
Primary rat PSCs	-	100 μM	α-SMA, Col-I, Vimentin,TGF-β, p-Smad2/3↓	(Xu et al., 2016)
Primary rat PSCs	-	100 μM	E-cadherin, Smad7↑	(Xu et al., 2016)
Human skin fibroblasts	TGF-β1	50 μg/ml	COL1 A1, COL1 A2, COL3 A1, CTGF, FN1, PAI-1, α-SMA, p-Smad3, p-ERK↓	(Liu et al., 2019)
HSC-T6 cells, primary rat HSC cells	Ang II	1, 10 nM	α-SMA, Col-I, TGF-β, ERK, pERK, c-Jun, p-c-Jun	(Li et al., 2012)
Primary rat CFBs	Ang II	12.5, 25, 50 μM	Col-I,α-SMA, FN, CTGF, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65, p65↓	(Wang et al., 2018)
Primary rat CFBs	Ang II	12.5, 25, 50 μM	NF-κB signaling Pathway↓	(Wang et al., 2018)
Primary rat HSCs	ET-1	100 μM	p-MLC2, Ca²⁺, RhoA activity, ROCK II↓	(Xu et al., 2012)
Primary rat LSECs	LPS	200 μM	MCP-1↓	(Chen et al., 2013)

TAA, thioacetamide; DMN, dimethylnitrosamine; DBTC, dibutyltin dichloride; Hyp, hydroxyproline; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PSCs, pancreatic stellate cells; Trx, thioredoxin; CFBs, cardiac fibroblasts; ET-1, endothelin-1; LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; i.p., intraperitoneally; i.g., intragastrically; i.v., intravenous injection.