Figure 2.

Functional Effects of LoF Mutations.

(A) Functional genes without LoF mutation.

(B) Gene knockout with LoF mutations.

(C) Gene translated into functional protein if LoF mutations are located at 3′ or 5′ termini.

(D) Transcriptional readthrough of the premature stop codon.

(E) Gene translated to a new functional protein with the LoF mutation. Orange rectangles indicate exons, black lines between them indicate introns, red lines indicate LoF mutations, blue rectangles indicate the core functional domain of the gene, and gray rectangle indicates frameshift. Orange lines with polyadenylic acid indicate mRNA.