Table 1. Patient characteristics evaluated at triage or evaluation at the emergency department at our institution comparing severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases.
| Parameter | Non-severe COVID-19 (n = 2,432) | Severe COVID-19 (n = 575) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44 (33–55) | 56 (47–66) | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 1,227 (50.5%) | 403 (70.1%) | <0.001 |
| Time from symptom onset (Days) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.76±5.31 | 30.53±5.96 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.98±19.10 | 126.60±17.32 | 0.003 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.62±12.00 | 74.47±12.56 | <0.001 |
| SpO2 (%) | 89.65±7.41 | 68.31±15.97 | <0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.76±0.75 | 36.99±0.76 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 100.48±16.96 | 103.45±18.46 | 0.003 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 25.73±6.25 | 32.21±8.55 | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization | 357 (32.8%) | 237 (100.0%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (%) | 712 (29.3%) | 268 (46.6%) | <0.001 |
| Overweight (%) | 629 (32.6%) | 215 (38.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 387 (15.9%) | 193 (33.6%) | <0.001 |
| COPD (%) | 21 (0.9%) | 10 (1.7%) | 0.101 |
| Asthma (%) | 30 (3.1%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.068 |
| Immunosupression (%) | 92 (3.8%) | 33 (5.7%) | 0.045 |
| Hypertension (%) | 440 (18.1%) | 213 (37.1%) | <0.001 |
| HIV (%) | 24 (1.0%) | 3 (0.52%) | 0.413 |
| CVD (%) | 71 (2.9%) | 30 (5.2%) | 0.008 |
| CKD (%) | 46 (1.8%) | 16 (2.8%) | 0.782 |
| Fever (%) | 1,784 (73.4%) | 495 (86.1%) | <0.001 |
| Cough (%) | 2,006 (82.5%) | 520 (90.4%) | 0.001 |
| Headache (%) | 1,909 (78.7%) | 418 (73.1%) | 0.004 |
| Dyspnea (%) | 901 (37.0%) | 512 (89.0%) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 757 (31.8%) | 154 (29.6%) | 0.345 |
| Chest pain (%) | 726 (30.5%) | 211 (37.9%) | <0.001 |
| Myalgias (%) | 1,512 (63.6%) | 356 (64.0%) | 0.833 |
| Arthralgias (%) | 1,390 (58.4%) | 335 (60.5%) | 0.399 |
| Malaise (%) | 1,795 (73.8%) | 457 (79.5%) | 0.005 |
| Rhinorrhea (%) | 929 (39.1%) | 156 (28.4%) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting (%) | 260 (10.9%) | 73 (13.3%) | 0.137 |
| Abdominal pain (%) | 147 (15.0%) | 34 (14.4%) | 0.809 |
| Conjunctivitis (%) | 477 (20.1%) | 72 (13.1%) | 0.001 |
| Cyanosis (%) | 51 (2.2%) | 50 (9.15%) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | <0.001 |
| NEWS | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | <0.001 |
| ABC-GOALS | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 6.0 (5.0–8.0) | <0.001 |
| MSL-COVID-19 | 0.0 (-5.0–4.0) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI: Body-mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SpO2: pulse oximetry; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease