Fig. 2. Changes in latitudinal distribution of TC tracks and meridional overturning circulations.

(A) Changes in the probability density distribution (PDF) of the TC tracks as a function of latitude in 2×CO₂ (light blue thick line) and 4×CO₂ (red thick line) conditions relative to PD. Annual and zonal mean relative humidity (%) at 700 hPa (blue thin lines) and vertical velocity (hectopascals per day) at 500 hPa (magenta thin lines) in 2×CO₂ (solid lines) and 4×CO₂ (dashed lines) conditions. For consistency, the vertical velocity is multiplied by −1. Shadings indicate 1 SD of the year-to-year PDFs for 2×CO₂ (blue) and 4×CO₂ (red) conditions. (B and C) Climatological summertime mass stream function in PD (contours) and changes in mass stream function (shading) in (B) 2×CO₂ and (C) 4×CO₂ experiments. Summer mean is computed over June to November for the Northern Hemisphere (N.H.) and December to May for the Southern Hemisphere (S.H.). Values that are not statistically significant at 95% confidence level are marked by black cross-hatching.