Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 16;6(51):eabe0026. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0026

Fig. 8. Butenolide coatings and properties.

Fig. 8

Coating formation conditions: Alkoxybutenolide B2 to B5 (1 eq.), di(ethylene glycol) DVE (0.5 eq.) Omnirad 819 (3 mol %), UV light (λirr = 395 nm), 5 min. (A) Clear, uniform, and hard methoxybutenolide coating BP4 on glass (100 μm). (B) Methoxybutenolide coating BP4 subjected to standardized spot tests, droplet of water removed after 1 hour, droplet of 2-butanone [methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)] removed after 1 min. Water has no effect on coating, resulting in no visible defects. MEK has a minor effect on coating, resulting in very slight discoloring. (C) Clear, uniform, and hard hexyloxybutenolide coating HP4 on glass (100 μm). (D) Clear, uniform, and hard hexyloxybutenolide coating HP4 on polypropylene (100 μm). Photo credit (A to D): R. van Gemert, AkzoNobel Car Refinishes BV. (E) Summary of the properties of the various alkoxybutenolide coatings. aWater/MEK resistance, 0 = damaged coating, 5 = no damage, general procedure in the Supplementary Materials page S240. b23 weight % of butyl acetate was added to dissolve the monomers. cVeoVa-10 added for increasing hydrophobicity to coat on polypropylene, butenolide/DVE/VeoVA-10—2/0.7/0.6 equiv. ND, not determined (Supplementary Materials pages S240–S242). For all coatings on glass plates, see the Supplementary Materials pages S234–S239; for DMTA, see the Supplementary Materials pages S241–S247; and for BP4, IP4, and MP4 coated on polypropylene, see figs. S168 to S171.