Table 3. Evidence Regarding Benefit of Remote-Microphone Technology in Children with Normal Hearing and Auditory Processing Disorder, Friedreich's Ataxia, and Dyslexia.
| Disorder: Participants | Author, year | Test measures: results |
|---|---|---|
| APD: 10 APD 13 controls |
Johnston et al, 2009 9 |
•
Sentence recognition in noise
: improved 10 dB with FM
• Parent SIFTER : worse academic ratings for APD group • Participant LIFE : improved after FM use • Psychosocial function BASC-2 : improved ratings for locus of control, anxiety, depression |
| APD: 28 subjects |
Smart et al, 2018 34 |
•
Speech in spatial noise
: improved 13% with FM
• Cortical auditory evoked potentials : use of FM reduced the impact of noise on P1 and N2 latencies and amplitude • Questionnaires : significantly better teachers and participant ratings with FM on LIFE |
| APD: 55 subjects 5 groups |
Sharma et al, 2012 35 |
•
Frequency pattern test
: improved in language and discrimination groups
• CELF-4 : improved core language scores for discrimination and discrimination + FM groups |
| Friedreich's ataxia: 10 subjects |
Rance et al, 2010 36 |
•
Word recognition in noise
: improved 27% with FM
• Child APHAB : less difficulty in noise and reverberation |
| Friedreich's ataxia: 19 ataxic 20 controls |
Rance et al, 2012 24 | • Speech perception : scores increased in ataxic participants with FM to the level of controls |
| Dyslexia: 38 subjects 19 used FM 19 dyslexia controls |
Hornickel et al, 2012 37 |
•
Phonological processing and reading
: improved after FM for 1 year for dyslexia group
• Speech ABR : improved neural consistency in FM group; greatest improvement in children who had improved phonological awareness |
| Reading delay: 23 with FM 23 controls |
Purdy et al, 2009 38 |
•
Teacher LIFE
: significantly improved classroom listening for FM group; no change for control group
• Participant LIFE : significantly improved classroom listening for difficult situations for FM group; no change for control group |
Abbreviations: APD, auditory processing disorder; APHAB, abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit; BASC-2, Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition; CELF-4, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals; CHAPS, Children's Auditory Performance Scale; FM, frequency modulation system; LIFE, Listening Inventory for Education; SIFTER, Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk.