Table 1. Select Pandemic Interval Framework (PIF) domain activities, related business/clinical needs and electronic health record integration points.

PIF domain (paper section)	Primary domain activities through pandemic acceleration	Business or clinical needs	EHR integration points
Incident management	• Activate emergency operations center • Coordinate with state-wide response	Track enterprise performance and shift resources to address capacity needs	Majority of data drawn from patient and encounter data
Community mitigation	• Activate community-level personal protective measures	Disseminate reliable information and assessment tools (e.g., ChatBot)	Not applicable
Surveillance and laboratory testing	• Optimize laboratory capacity • Conduct enhanced surveillance • Limit testing using surveillance criteria • Confirm suspected cases • Move to severe disease and syndromic surveillance	Conduct on-demand COVID-19 testing	Integrated test eligibility algorithm and standard COVID-19 EHR order form; order sets
		Prioritize COVID-19 laboratory samples for processing	Dynamic screening prioritization algorithm given daily laboratory volumes
		Follow-up on laboratory results using a closed-loop process	Results call back interface
			Auto-generation of results in the physician problem list, including open chart alert
			Patient self-service access to results
Medical care and countermeasures	• Promptly diagnose and treat ill persons • Implement infection control practices • Provide chemoprophylaxis to exposed persons • Educate clinicians on prompt treatment of ill patients • Assess impact on care facilities • Assess medical resources are sufficient to manage ill person and conduct case-based control efforts • Set up alternate care sites • Monitor surge and assess needs • Monitor shortages • Initiate therapeutic clinical trials	Track bed capacity, usage and billing	Bed characterization
		Track physician/nurse availability	Redeploy staff using “switch-roles” function
		Limit personal protective equipment use	Usage data
		Manage ventilator capacity	Usage data
		Manage medication supplies	Restricted medication physician alert
		Provide ongoing clinical visits	Integrate ordering, scheduling and billing
		Rapidly assess and document patients presenting to emergency department	Quick Visit order sets
		Provide ventilation management	Integrated clinical decision support tool
		Other medical care essentials	Simplification of nursing documentation
		Clinical trials	Initiate zero touch for patients using electronic consent

Abbreviations: COVID-19, novel coronavirus disease 2019; EHR, electronic health record.