Table 1.

Performance of wild type enzymes with noncanonical cofactors

Enzyme	Uniprot	Native Cofactor	Noncanonical Cofactora	CSRb	Source
D-lactate dehydrogenase (L. helveticus)	P30901	NAD+	NCD+	4.8×10−2	Liu et al, 2020 [5]
Formate dehydrogenase (Pseudomonas sp. 101)	P33160	NAD+	NCD+	4.7×l0−2	Guo et al., 2020 [6]
Glucose Dehydrogenase (B. subtilis)	A0A1B2ATD9	NAD+	NMN+	2.6×l0−6	Black et al., 2019 [9]
		NADP+	NMN+	1.7×l0−6
6-phospho gluconate dehydrogenase (T. maritima)	A0A2N5RL69	NADP+	NMN+	3.1×l0−6	Huang et al., 2019 [10]
Phosphite dehydrogenase (Ralstonia sp. 4506)	G4XDR8	NAD+	NCD+	5.8×10−2	Liu et al., 2019 [7]
3-hydroxy benzoate 6-hydroxylase (R. jostii)	Q0SFK6	NADH	BNAH	7.5×10−4	Guarneri et al., 2019 [14]
			AmNAH	4.9×10−4
		NADPH	BNAH	4.8×10−3
			AmNAH	3.2×10−3
para-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (P. fluorescens)	P20586	NADH	AmNAH	2.1
		NADPH	AmNAH	2.4×10−3
Salicylate hydroxylase (P. putida)	-	NADH	BNAH	8.3×10−3
		NADPH	BNAH	8.8×10−1
Glucose dehydrogenase (S. solfataricus)	O93715	NAD+	BNA+	1.0×10−2	Nowak et al., 2017 [8]
			P2NA+	1.5×10−2
			P3NA+	5.6×10−3
NADH oxidase (L. pentosus)	F6IXY6	NADH	MNAH	-	Nowak et al., 2015, 2017 [12, 15]
			BNAH	-
			P2NAH	-
			P3NAH	-
Xenobiotic reductase (P. putida)	Q3ZDM6	NADH	BNAH	3.1×102	Knaus et al., 2016 [32]
			BTH	1.8×103
			BEH	2.7×102
		NADPH	BNAH	2.7
			BTH	1.5×10
			BEH	2.7×102
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (E. cloacae)	P71278	NADPH	BNAH	1.4
			BTH	5.2
			BEH	1.0Δ10−1
Thennophilic old yellow enzyme (T. pseudethanolicus)	B0KAH1	NADH	BNAH	8.2×10−1
			BTH	1.2
			BEH	3.3×10−1
		NADPH	BNAH	2.2×10−2
			BTH	3.2×10−2
			BEH	8.7×10−3
Styrene monooxygenase (R. opacus)	C7ACG0	NADH	BNAH	-	Paul et al.. 2015 [54]
Alcohol dehydrogenase (P. furiosus)	-	NAD+	NMN+	8.6×10−6	Campbell et al.. 2012 [35]
Malic enzyme (E. coli)	P26616	NAD+	NFCD+	9.3×10−3	Ji et al.. 2011 [53]
			NCD+	1.3×10−2

^aFull names of the noncanonical cofactors: AmNA⁺, 1-(2-carbamoylmethyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide; BNA⁺, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide; BT⁺, 1-butyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide; BE⁺, 1-(1-benzyl-1,4-dihydro-3-yl) ethanone; MD⁺, N-4-methoxybenzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide; MNA⁺, 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide; NCD⁺, Nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide; NCFD⁺, Nicotinamide flucytosine dinucleotide; NMN⁺, Nicotinamide mononucleotide; P2NA⁺, 1-phenethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide; P3NA⁺, 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide. Reduced cofactor ends with “H”

^bCSR, Cofactor Specificity Ratio (Equation 1)