Table 1.
Characteristics of the included patients with SLE
| Background variables | Total, n = 280 |
|---|---|
| Females, n (%) | 241 (86·1) |
| Age at blood sampling, mean years (range, years) | 48·5 (18–82) |
| SLE duration at sampling, mean years (range, years) | 9·5 (0–45) |
| Caucasian ethnicity, n (%) | 250 (89·3) |
| Ever smoker (former or current), n (%) | 119 (42·5) |
| Disease variables and treatments | |
| Secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (defined by classification † ), n (%) | 61 (21·8) |
| Anti‐phospholipid syndrome (defined by classification ‡ ), n (%) | 55 (19·6) |
| Previously identified autoimmune liver disease, n (%) | 8 (2·8) |
| Autoimmune hepatitis, n (%) | 4 (1·4) |
| Primary biliary cholangitis, n (%) | 4 (1·4) |
| Anti‐hypertensives, n (%) | 137 (48·9) |
| Statins, n (%) | 50 (17·9) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 15 (5·4) |
| Patients meeting ≥ 4 ACR‐82 criteria, n (%) | 235 (83·9) |
| Number of fulfilled ACR‐82 criteria, mean (range) | 4·8 (3–9) |
| Clinical phenotypes (ACR‐82 defined), n (%) | |
| (1) Malar rash | 109 (38·9) |
| (2) Discoid rash | 42 (15·0) |
| (3) Photosensitivity | 144 (51·4) |
| (4) Oral ulcers | 34 (12·1) |
| (5) Arthritis | 215 (76·8) |
| (6) Serositis | 106 (37·9) |
| Pleuritis | 104 (37·1) |
| Pericarditis | 98 (35·0) |
| (7) Renal disorder | 78 (27·9) |
| (8) Neurological disorder | 14 (5·0) |
| Seizures | 12 (4·3) |
| Psychosis | 3 (1·1) |
| (9) Haematological disorder | 166 (59·3) |
| Haemolytic anaemia | 14 (5·0) |
| Leukocytopenia | 84 (30·0) |
| Lymphopenia | 105 (37·5) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 30 (10·7) |
| (10) Immunological disorder | 145 (51·8) |
| Anti‐dsDNA antibody (anti‐dsDNA) | 133 (47·5) |
| Anti‐Smith antibody (anti‐Sm) | 18 (6·4) |
| (11) Anti‐nuclear antibody (IF‐ANA)* | 277 (98·9) |