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. 2020 Dec 16;10:22047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78987-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of CHIR99021 and DAPT on 3D tissue constructs engineered with iMyoD-hTERT-NHDFs. (A) Illustration of cell culture regimens. (B) Representative contractile force patterns generated by the constructs cultured in the DOX + CHIR + DAPT condition illustrated in (A). (C) Treatment with CHIR99021 and DAPT enhanced functional myogenic differentiation as revealed from the comparison of the contractile forces. The experiments were conducted in triplicate with 3 independent samples. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (D) Longitudinal cryosections of 3D constructs stained with an anti-sarcomeric α-actinin antibody (green) and counterstained with the Hoechst 33342 nuclear marker (blue), revealing myotube alignment (from low-magnification images) and the striated structure (from high-magnification images) for both conditions.