FIGURE 1.

ASS activated NSCLC cell autophagy and promoted cell apoptosis. (A) The expression of LC3I/II and p62 were detected by western blot in A549 and H1299 cells treated with ASS (10 dyn/cm²) for 60 min or incubated at quiet state. All experiments were repeated three times, **P < 0.01. (B) Quantification of LC3II/LC3I ratio in relation to GAPDH, (C) Quantification of p62 levels in relation to GAPDH, (D,E) A549 cells expressing EGFP-LC3 were exposed to ASS (10 dyn/cm²) for indicated times (0, 15, 30, and 60 min); Scale bar, 10 μm. The percentage of cells with EGFP-LC3 puncta were quantified, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (F) TEM images of A549 cells exposed to ASS for 0, 15, 30, and 60 min; Scale bar, 1 μm. (G) TUNEL assay was performed after A549 cells were exposed to ASS for indicated times, the percentage of cell apoptosis were quantified by Image Pro Plus software, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.