Table 3.
Neurocognitive and neuropsychological measures.
| Variables | Breachers/range staff (n = 19) | CAF controls (n = 19) | Bootstrap ratio | Fractional P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychological Measures | ||||
| RAND SF-36 | ||||
| General health | 75 (67.5–80) | 80 (65–92.5) | 0.7 | 0.478 |
| Physical functioning | 95 (92.5–100) | 100 (95–100) | 1.6 | 0.120 |
| Emotional well-being | 80 (66–88) | 84 (68–88) | 0.4 | 0.676 |
| Social functioning | 100 (87.5–100) | 100 (7–100) | 0.3 | 0.786 |
| Pain | 90 (80–90) | 90 (85–100) | 1.5 | 0.126 |
| Energy | 50 (37.5–67.5) | 65 (60–80) | 2.2 | 0.022 |
| Role limitations (physical health) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 0 | 0.952 |
| Role limitations (emotional problems) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (66.7–100) | 1.2 | 0.224 |
| SMFA | ||||
| Function index | 40 (37–45) | 34 (34–41) | 2.4 | 0.016 |
| Bother index | 15 (13–16.5) | 12 (12–16) | 1.8 | 0.072 |
| Rivermead | ||||
| RPQ3 | 2 (1–5.5) | 0 (0–2) | 3.8 | <0.001 |
| RPQ13 | 7.0 (1.5–15.5) | 0 (0–2.5) | 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Somatic | 0.6 (0.1–1.1) | 0 (0–0.1) | 3.6 | 0.004 |
| Cognitive | 0 (0–1.3) | 0 (0–0) | 2.9 | 0.004 |
| Emotional | 0 (0–0.9) | 0 (0–0) | 3.4 | <0.001 |
| PCL-5 | 7 (0.5–10.5) | 0 (0–6) | 1.9 | 0.068 |
| Cognistat–frequency (%) | ||||
| Consciousness | 19 (100) | 19 (100) | – | – |
| Attention | 16 (84.2) | 16 (84.2) | 0.1 | 0.742 |
| Memory | 19 (100) | 16 (84.2) | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Comprehension | 19 (100) | 16 (84.2) | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Repetition | 16 (84.2) | 16 (84.2) | 0 | 0.810 |
| Naming | 13 (68.4) | 11 (57.9) | 0.8 | 0.306 |
| Constructional ability | 17 (89.5) | 16 (84.2) | 0.6 | 0.362 |
| Calculations | 14 (73.7) | 16 (84.2) | 0.8 | 0.346 |
| Similarities | 18 (94.7) | 15 (78.9) | 1.4 | 0.126 |
| Judgement | 13 (68.4) | 16 (84.2) | 1.2 | 0.150 |
| Neurocognitive measures | ||||
| 4-choice RT task (ms) | 451 (406–519.5) | 450 (425.5–517) | 0.7 | 0.538 |
| n-back (d') | ||||
| 1-back | 4.7 (3.8–4.7) | 4 (3.4–4.7) | 1.2 | 0.218 |
| 2-back | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 0.7 | 0.490 |
| 3-back | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.3 (1.2–1.7) | 1.1 | 0.254 |
| dMTS_(% correct) | 68 (56–78) | 72 (66–82) | 1.6 | 0.094 |
| Stroop (ms) | 48 (16.2–80.2) | 49 (38–62.5) | 0.1 | 0.918 |
| BrDI (msec) | ||||
| Same plane veridical | 365.8 (335.6–409.3) | 343.2 (282.6–358.9) | 2.7 | 0.004 |
| Same plane reversed | 511.9 (461.0–560.6) | 479.6 (397.6–528.3) | 1.3 | 0.182 |
| Differential plane veridical | 386.3 (355.0–452.5) | 340.2 (304.7–369.4) | 3.0 | 0.002 |
| Different plane reversed | 528.9 (460.8–645.1) | 477.3 (409.6–514.4) | 2.2 | 0.034 |
Interval and continuous data presented as the median and interquartile range–med (iqr); categorical data presented as the frequency and percent–n (%). BrDI, Brain Dysfunction Indicator; RT, reaction time; ms, milliseconds; dMTS, delayed matching-to-sample task. For n-back and dMTS the numbers indicate accuracys (percentage); for Stroop the numbers indicate reaction time (seconds). Significance corrected at a false discovery rate (FDR) of p = 0.05 (bold p-values), derived from bootstrapped mean difference testing. For categorical variables, the mean difference was evaluated on the percent of individuals categorized to each outcome (see section Methods).