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. 2020 Dec 16;10:22023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79146-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mitochondrial damage in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. The electron micrographs show the mitochondria in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in the control group (a), the HS group (b), and the HSDFX group (c) (bars 500 nm). Panel (d) shows the percentage of mitochondria area in cytoplasm. Panel (e) shows the percentage of mitochondria with outer membrane rupture in the total number of mitochondria. (n = 3 for each group, Arrow: outer mitochondrial membrane rupture, Arrowhead: lysosome). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey–Kramer test in (d) and (e) by JMP Pro Version 14.2.0 software (SAS Institute Inc.). *p < 0.05 vs. the control group, ^†p < 0.05 vs. the HS group.