TABLE 2.
Quality of life and fatigue of children with cancer and distress of their caregivers in the pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 periods
| Caregiver about child (proxy report) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐COVID‐19 (n = 213) | COVID‐19 period (n = 211) | Difference a | ||
| PedsQL generic; range 0‐100 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Std. beta (SE) | P value |
| Total | 75.1 (16.3) | 77.1 (16.2) | 0.16 (0.07) | 0.032 |
| Physical function | 74.9 (21.4) | 76.6 (20.6) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.167 |
| Emotional function | 69.3 (19.2) | 71.4 (18.9) | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.098 |
| Social function | 80.8 (17.7) | 83.5 (17.6) | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.063 |
| School function | 76.3 (20.9); missing n = 14 | 78.7 (21.3); missing n = 48 | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.049 |
| Psychosocial function | 75.2 (15.6) | 77.6 (15.6) | 0.17 (0.07) | 0.014 |
| Pre‐COVID‐19 (n = 136) | COVID‐19 period (n = 125) | Difference a | ||
| PedsQL fatigue; range 0‐100 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Beta (SE) | P value |
| Total | 76.8 (15.7) | 77.2 (17.8) | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.566 |
| Child about child (self‐report) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐COVID‐19 (n = 219) | COVID‐19 period (n = 196) | Difference a | ||
| PedsQL generic; range 0‐100 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Std. beta (SE) | P value |
| Total | 73.2 (16.6) | 72.0 (18.2) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.523 |
| Physical function | 71.7 (24.0) | 70.0 (25.6) | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.117 |
| Emotional function | 73.1 (19.7) | 73.6 (20.3) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.480 |
| Social function | 81.8 (15.9) | 78.8 (19.4) | −0.13 (0.08) | 0.087 |
| School function | 67.0 (20.3) | 66.6 (21.3) | −0.002 (0.09) | 0.983 |
| Psychosocial function | 74.0 (15.3) | 73.0 (17.0) | −0.03 (0.07) | 0.706 |
| Pre‐COVID‐19 (n = 151) | COVID‐19 period (n = 126) | Difference a | ||
| PedsQL fatigue; range 0‐100 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Std. beta (SE) | P value |
| Total | 69.3 (16.7) | 70.6 (18.1) | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.063 |
| Caregiver about caregiver (self‐report) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐COVID‐19 (n = 374) | COVID‐19 period (n = 307) | Difference b | ||
| DT‐P | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Std. beta (SE) | P value |
| Thermometer score; range 0‐10 | 3.9 (2.8) | 3.4 (2.9) | −0.20 (0.08) | 0.010 |
| Distress (DT‐P ≥4); n (%) | 192 (51%) | 122 (40%) | OR (95% CI)d: 0.59 (0.42‐0.83) | 0.002 c , * |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; DT‐P: distress thermometer for parents; PedsQL: pediatric quality‐of‐life inventory; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error.
Results for linear mixed‐effect regression analysis with random intercept, corrected for gender and age of child, time since diagnosis, diagnosis group, and in/after treatment.
Results for linear mixed‐effect regression analysis with random intercept, corrected for gender and age of caregiver, time since diagnosis, diagnosis group, and in/after treatment.
Results of logistic GEE corrected for sex and age of the parent, time since diagnosis, diagnosis group, and in/after treatment.
Significant according to P < 0.05/number of analyses on scales of the questionnaire.