. 2020 Nov 17;30(1):e13231. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13231

TABLE 2.

Estimated changes in sleep parameters during the outbreak

%Missing

Pre‐outbreak

Outbreak

η_{p}^{2}

Mean

Sleep‐onset latency (min)

5,272

4.6

24.3

23.7

30.1

28.7

52.3

< .001

0.01

Bedtime (clock time)

5,286

4.3

21:05

5:14

20:05

6:48

29.4

< .001

0.01

Wake‐up time (clock time)

5,278

4.5

7:02

1:31

7:30

1:45

209.5

< .001

0.04

Time in bed (hr)

5,265

4.7

8.4

1.3

8.5

1.4

< .001

0.01

Total sleep time (hr)

5,453

1.3

7.3

1.2

7.2

1.5

13.3

< .001

< 0.01

Sleep efficiency (%)

5,206

5.8

88.1

14.0

85.7

16.0

2.3

.127

< 0.01

PSQI total score (0–21)

4,996

9.6

6.11

3.41

6.71

3.96

10.7

.001

< 0.01

Repeated‐measures ANCOVAs comparing sleep parameters from pre‐outbreak to outbreak estimates while controlling for age, sex and the time elapsed since the pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization.

$η_{p}^{2}$ , partial eta‐squared; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; SD, standard deviation.