TABLE 3.
Factors associated with the emergence of clinically meaningful sleep difficulties identified using the multivariate logistic regression model
| B | SE | Exp(B) | 95% CI | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL | UL | |||||
| Time elapsed since the outbreak (per 7 days) | −0.006 | 0.003 | 0.994 | 0.988 | 1.001 | .079 |
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Age (per 10 years) | −0.002 | 0.004 | 0.998 | 0.990 | 1.006 | .602 |
| Male sex (versus female) | −0.525 | 0.107 | 0.592 | 0.480 | 0.729 | < .001 |
| Current chronic illnesses (versus none) | 0.224 | 0.103 | 1.251 | 1.022 | 1.532 | .030 |
| Sleep/circadian profile before the outbreak | ||||||
| Diagnosis of a sleep disorder (versus none) | 0.000 | 0.114 | 1.000 | 0.800 | 1.251 | .997 |
| Pre‐outbreak PSQI (per unit on a 0‐21 scale ) | −0.159 | 0.017 | 0.853 | 0.826 | 0.882 | < .001 |
| rMEQ (scale from 4 to 26) | −0.020 | 0.015 | 0.980 | 0.952 | 1.009 | .167 |
| Changes in controllable sleep behaviours | ||||||
| Bedtime (per hour) | 0.020 | 0.037 | 1.020 | 0.948 | 1.098 | .589 |
| Wake‐up time (per hour) | −0.076 | 0.034 | 0.927 | 0.867 | 0.992 | .028 |
| Current stress levels | ||||||
| PSS (per unit on a 0–40 scale) | 0.108 | 0.006 | 1.115 | 1.101 | 1.128 | < .001 |
| Social and behavioural factors | ||||||
| Employed (versus unemployed) | 0.205 | 0.103 | 1.228 | 1.003 | 1.503 | .047 |
| Family responsibilitiesa(versus none) | 0.368 | 0.110 | 1.445 | 1.165 | 1.793 | .001 |
| Living with others (versus alone) | 0.126 | 0.117 | 1.134 | 0.902 | 1.426 | .282 |
| Drinking ≥ 7 drinks per week (versus < 7 drinks per week) | 0.208 | 0.097 | 1.231 | 1.019 | 1.488 | .031 |
| Spent 30 min or less per week (versus more than 30 min): | ||||||
| Exercising | 0.045 | 0.089 | 1.046 | 0.878 | 1.246 | .614 |
| Watching television | −0.339 | 0.150 | 0.713 | 0.531 | 0.956 | .024 |
Coefficient parameters from the logistic regression. B: unstandardized coefficients (calculated per unit for continuous variables, except for the time elapsed since the start of the outbreak, which was calculated for each 7 days, as well as age which was calculated per 10 units). Units (for continuous variables) and reference groups (for categorical variables) are presented in parentheses in the first column.
SE, standard error of B; Exp(B), exponentiation of the B coefficient, i.e. odds ratio; CI, confidence interval of Exp(B); LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; rMEQ, Reduced Morningness−Eveningness Questionnaire; PSS, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale.
Family responsibilities: having an underage child or being the primary caregiver of someone with a disability or a chronic illness.