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. 2020 Nov 17;30(1):e13231. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13231

TABLE 3.

Factors associated with the emergence of clinically meaningful sleep difficulties identified using the multivariate logistic regression model

B SE Exp(B) 95% CI p
LL UL
Time elapsed since the outbreak (per 7 days) −0.006 0.003 0.994 0.988 1.001 .079
Demographic factors
Age (per 10 years) −0.002 0.004 0.998 0.990 1.006 .602
Male sex (versus female) −0.525 0.107 0.592 0.480 0.729 < .001
Current chronic illnesses (versus none) 0.224 0.103 1.251 1.022 1.532 .030
Sleep/circadian profile before the outbreak
Diagnosis of a sleep disorder (versus none) 0.000 0.114 1.000 0.800 1.251 .997
Pre‐outbreak PSQI (per unit on a 0‐21 scale ) −0.159 0.017 0.853 0.826 0.882 < .001
rMEQ (scale from 4 to 26) −0.020 0.015 0.980 0.952 1.009 .167
Changes in controllable sleep behaviours
Bedtime (per hour) 0.020 0.037 1.020 0.948 1.098 .589
Wake‐up time (per hour) −0.076 0.034 0.927 0.867 0.992 .028
Current stress levels
PSS (per unit on a 0–40 scale) 0.108 0.006 1.115 1.101 1.128 < .001
Social and behavioural factors
Employed (versus unemployed) 0.205 0.103 1.228 1.003 1.503 .047
Family responsibilitiesa(versus none) 0.368 0.110 1.445 1.165 1.793 .001
Living with others (versus alone) 0.126 0.117 1.134 0.902 1.426 .282
Drinking ≥ 7 drinks per week (versus < 7 drinks per week) 0.208 0.097 1.231 1.019 1.488 .031
Spent 30 min or less per week (versus more than 30 min):
Exercising 0.045 0.089 1.046 0.878 1.246 .614
Watching television −0.339 0.150 0.713 0.531 0.956 .024

Coefficient parameters from the logistic regression. B: unstandardized coefficients (calculated per unit for continuous variables, except for the time elapsed since the start of the outbreak, which was calculated for each 7 days, as well as age which was calculated per 10 units). Units (for continuous variables) and reference groups (for categorical variables) are presented in parentheses in the first column.

SE, standard error of B; Exp(B), exponentiation of the B coefficient, i.e. odds ratio; CI, confidence interval of Exp(B); LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; rMEQ, Reduced Morningness−Eveningness Questionnaire; PSS, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale.

a

Family responsibilities: having an underage child or being the primary caregiver of someone with a disability or a chronic illness.