TABLE 1.
Comparison of the parameters between the groups
| Controls (n = 10) | COVID−19 patients before treatment (n = 10) | COVID−19 patients after treatment (n = 10) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (Mean ± SD) | 36.64 ± 9.63 | 38.00 ± 8.28 | 37.00 ± 8.69 | .93 a |
| BMI (Median ± IQR) | 26.57 ± 2.71 | 25.55 ± 2.08 | 26.55 ± 1.14 | .07 b |
| Smoking status (n, %) | .63 c | |||
| Yes | 4, 13.3 | 6, 20.0 | 7, 23.3 | |
| No | 6, 20.0 | 4, 13.3 | 3, 10.0 | |
| Smoking rate (pock‐year) (Mean ± SD) | 17.50 ± 8.66 | 21.00 ± 9.03 | 22.28 ± 5.55 | .61 a |
| Comorbidity (n, %) | .38 c | |||
| None | 8, 26.7 | 8, 26.7 | 9, 30.0 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1, 3.3 | 1, 3.3 | 0, 0.0 | |
| Hypertension | 1, 3.3 | 0, 0.0 | 0, 0.0 | |
| Others | 0, 0.0 | 1, 3.3 | 1, 3.3 | |
| SARS‐CoV−2 positive semen sample (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Semen volume (ml) (Median ± IQR) | 2.00 ± 1.63 | 1.25 ± 1.13 | 1.60 ± 1.63 | .14 b |
| Semen pH (Median ± IQR) | 8.00 ± 0.10 | 8.00 ± 1.00 | 9.00 ± 1.00 | .09 b |
| Sperm count (x106/ml) (Mean ± SD) | 41.00 ± 36.30 | 57.00 ± 36.62 | 45.10 ± 36.90 | .56 a |
| Total sperm count (x106) (Mean ± SD) | 48 ± 147.25 | 67.40 ± 29.61 | 69.90 ± 57.01 | .93 a |
| Progressive sperm motility (%)(Median ± IQR) | 35.00 ± 9.75 | 39.50 ± 15.50 | 33.00 ± 14.75 | .18 b |
| Non‐progressive sperm motility (%)(Median ± IQR) | 9.50 ± 3.25 | 8.00 ± 5.50 | 9.50 ± 4.25 | .48 b |
| Total motile sperm count (x106) (Mean ± SD) | 18.68 ± 79.06 | 27.97 ± 14.88 | 23.54 ± 18.53 | .69 a |
| Normal sperm morphology (%)(Median ± IQR) | 3.00 ± 3.00 | 1.50 ± 2.00 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | .006 b |
| Leukocytes detected in semen (n, %) | .08 c | |||
| Yes | 0, 0.0 | 4, 13.3 | 3, 10.0 | |
| No | 10, 33.3 | 6, 20.0 | 7, 23.3 | |
| Serum FSH (IU/L) (Median ± IQR) | 3.92 ± 2.35 | 2.04 ± 1.36 | 3.15 ± 2.70 | .01 b |
| Serum LH (IU/L) (Median ± IQR) | 4.46 ± 2.06 | 2.98 ± 1.65 | 3.22 ± 3.83 | .04 b |
| Serum PRL (ng/ml) (Mean ± SD) | 5.71 ± 1.44 | 5.44 ± 2.54 | 8.31 ± 4.65 | .09 a |
| Serum T (ng/ml) (Median ± IQR) | 2.90 ± 1.87 | 1.13 ± 1.28 | 2.26 ± 1.86 | .02 b |
| Serum T/LH ratio (Median ± IQR) | 0.60 ± 0.25 | 0.42 ± 0.36 | 0.41 ± 0.48 | .18 b |
| Serum FSH/LH ratio (Mean ± SD) | 0.97 ± 0.35 | 0.87 ± 0.42 | 0.93 ± 0.39 | .85 a |
| Serum PRL/T ratio (Median ± IQR) | 2.14 ± 3.24 | 3.96 ± 3.15 | 4.40 ± 3.92 | .03 b |
Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease‐2019, BMI, body mass index, FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone, IQR, interquantile range; LH, luteinising hormone, PRL, prolactin, SD, standard deviation, T, testosterone.
a
One‐way ANOVA test
b
Kruskal–Wallis test
c
Chi‐square test.