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Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 detection. a) Au nanoparticle (AuNP) solutions; b) TEM images of Au particles; and c) frequency changes upon streptavidin–Au immobilization. The error bars represent the standard deviations of four replicates. a–c) Reproduced with permission.[ 90 ] Copyright 2016, Elsevier.
