Figure 1.

COVID‐19 Immunopathology. Cytokines produced by infected cells recruit alveolar macrophages, which in turn increase vascular permeability, recruit other components of the immune system and mount the acute phase response. Tissue damage caused by death of infected cells and killed cells through immune cells causes’ alveolar oedema, leading to hypoxia. Hyperactivation of both innate and adaptive immune responses induces cytokine storm. These factors converge into the progressive development of ARDS