Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Cohort A (n = 7776) | Cohort B (n = 4597) | |
|---|---|---|
| State, n (%) | ||
| Nebraska | 367 (4.7) | 223 (4.9) |
| South Carolina | 2846 (36.6) | 1902 (41.4) |
| Virginia | 4563 (58.7) | 2472 (53.8) |
| Age, n (%) | ||
| 18–24 years | 583 (7.5) | 318 (6.9) |
| 25–34 years | 1650 (21.2) | 903 (19.6) |
| 35–44 years | 1841 (23.7) | 1107 (24.1) |
| 45–54 years | 2537 (32.6) | 1553 (33.8) |
| 55–64 years | 1165 (15.0) | 716 (15.6) |
| Gender, n (%) | ||
| Male | 5679 (73.0) | 3290 (71.6) |
| Female | 2097 (27.0) | 1307 (28.4) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White | 1964 (25.3) | 1105 (24.0) |
| Black | 5135 (66.0) | 3065 (66.7) |
| Hispanic | 516 (6.6) | 334 (7.3) |
| Other | 161 (2.1) | 93 (2.0) |
| Income, n (%) | ||
| <100% FPL | 4609 (59.3) | 2674 (58.2) |
| 101–138% FPL | 939 (12.1) | 555 (12.1) |
| 139–250% FPL | 1701 (21.9) | 1033 (22.5) |
| >251% FPL | 527 (6.8) | 335 (7.3) |
| Rurality, n (%) | ||
| Urban | 6506 (83.7) | 3807 (82.8) |
| Rural | 1270 (16.3) | 790 (17.2) |
| HIV/AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | ||
| HIV diagnosis | 4383 (56.4) | 2448 (53.3) |
| AIDS diagnosis | 3393 (43.6) | 2149 (46.7) |
| CD4 count, cells/μL | ||
| Mean (SD) | 583 (332)a | 578 (328)b |
| Median [min, max] | 545 [0, 3600] | 540 [1, 3600] |
| HIV risk factors,c n (%) | ||
| MSM | 3927 (50.5) | 2291 (49.8) |
| IDU | 654 (8.4) | 399 (8.7) |
| Heterosexual sexual contact | 1927 (24.8) | 1262 (27.5) |
| Perinatal | 49 (0.6) | 30 (0.7) |
| Blood | 11 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) |
| Other | 12 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) |
| Unknown | 888 (11.4) | 554 (12.1) |
| Missing | 521 (6.7) | 172 (3.7) |
| Baseline ADAP plan, n (%) | ||
| Direct ADAP | 4955 (63.7) | 2924 (63.6) |
| ACA-funded ACA | 2821 (36.3) | 1673 (36.4) |
| Baseline HIV viral load status,d n (%) | ||
| Detectable | 1796 (23.1) | 1043 (22.7) |
| Undetectable | 5237 (67.3) | 3554 (77.3) |
| Baseline engagement in HIV care, n (%) | ||
| Not engaged | 743 (9.6) | 0 (0) |
| Engaged | 7033 (90.4) | 4597 (100) |
Cohort A included all people living with HIV who were 18 to 64 years old on 1 January 2014; were ADAP clients in Virginia, Nebraska, or South Carolina by 1 July 2014; and did not have Medicare. Virginia ADAP clients had to have a Social Security Number. Cohort B included members of cohort A who demonstrated consistent engagement in care, as defined by at least 1 HIV viral load recorded in 2014 and at least 1 HIV viral load between 1 July 2015 and 31 December 2015.
Abbreviations: ACA, Affordable Care Act; ADAP, AIDS Drug Assistance Program; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; MSM, male-to-male sexual contact; QHP, Qualified Health Plan.
aCD4 counts available for 7424 participants of cohort A.
bCD4 counts available for 4587 participants of cohort B.
cParticipants could report more than 1 risk factor; totals for each cohort may be >100%.
dBaseline HIV viral load status available for 7033 participants of cohort A.