Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Case Cohort
| Characteristics | Random Subcohorta n = 193 | TB | Death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subcohort Control n = 180 | TB Case n = 52 | P-value | Sub-cohort Control n = 180 | Death Case n = 47 | P-value | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 36 (31–43) | 36 (31–43) | 36 (31–43) | .95 | 36 (31–43) | 41 (33–48) | .01 |
| Female, no. (%) | 96 (50%) | 92 (51%) | 24 (46%) | .64 | 92 (51%) | 21 (45%) | .51 |
| BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, no. (%) | 55 (29%) | 49 (27%) | 18 (35%) | .58 | 51 (28%) | 15 (32%) | .15 |
| Karnofsky score | |||||||
| 30–59 | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0 | .70 | 1 (1%) | 4 (9%) | .001 |
| 60–89 | 67 (35%) | 62 (35%) | 21 (41%) | 61 (34%) | 23 (49%) | ||
| ≥ 90 | 122 (64%) | 114 (64%) | 30 (59%) | 116 (65%) | 20 (43%) | ||
| WHO stage 3 or 4, no. (%) | 67 (34%) | 62 (34%) | 18 (35%) | > .95 | 61 (34%) | 21 (45%) | .18 |
| Absence of poor prognostic factor, no. (%)a | 130 (67%) | 123 (68%) | 33 (63%) | .52 | 123 (68%) | 27 (57%) | .17 |
| Absolute CD4+ T Cells, median (IQR) | 22 (10–37) | 22 (10–37) | 24 (15–36) | .48 | 22 (10–38) | 15 (7–24) | .01 |
| log10 Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 RNA, median (IQR) | 5.36 (4.98–5.70) | 5.36 (4.96–5.69) | 5.44 (5.09–5.87) | .22 | 5.35 (4.945–5.69) | 5.43 (4.86–5.85) | .41 |
| Hemoglobin < 8 µg/dL, no. (%) | 6 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 3 (6%) | .42 | 5 (3%) | 7 (15%) | .004 |
| Albumin, median (IQR) | 4.8 (3.6–38) | 4.7 (3.6–38.3) | 27 (3.1–37) | .29 | 4.8 (3.6–38.3) | 4.1 (3.2–33.9) | .02 |
| Absolute neutrophil count, median (IQR) | 1.67 (1.08–2.30) | 1.61 (1.07–2.28) | 2.15 (1.43–3.64) | < .001 | 1.60 (1.07–2.27) | 2.12 (1.46–3.94) | < .001 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) | 0.70 (0.60–0.86) | 0.7 (0.60–0.84) | 0.70 (0.60–0.80) | .54 | 0.71 (0.60–0.87) | 0.70 (0.58–1.0) | .67 |
| WBC (109 cells/L), median (IQR) | 3.07 (2.40–3.97) | 3.05 (2.35–3.90) | 3.50 (2.70–4.70) | .01 | 3.0 (2.4–3.9) | 3.6 (2.9–5.2) | .002 |
| Monocyte:lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 0.43 (0.29–0.62) | 0.43 (0.29–0.62) | 0.49 (0.32–0.74) | .14 | 0.43 (0.29–0.62) | 0.42 (0.28–0.67) | > .95 |
| CD4 to CD8 ratio × 100, median (IQR) | 4.44 (2.15–8.11) | 4.32 (2.1–8.35) | 5.01 (2.86–6.94) | .31 | 4.42 (2.1–8.1) | 3.52 (1.83–6.41) | .15 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; N, number; TB, tuberculosis; WBC, white blood cell; WHO, World Health Organization.
aAbsence of poor prognostic factor defined as not having any of the following: hospitalization within past 30 days, BMI <18.5 or anemia <8 g/dl). Fischer exact p values were used to compare proportions and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to compare medians.