FIGURE 1.

Ca9‐22 invasion with exposure to Green Apple or Red Hot eCig liquid. The addition of 2% Green Apple eCig liquid (a) significantly reduced cell invasion in the Ca9‐22 OSCC cells. This reduction in invasiveness significantly improved with the addition of 6 mg nicotine. The addition of 2% Red Hot significantly increased invasion of Ca9‐22 cells (b). Increased invasion induced by the flavoring alone was improved when 6 mg nicotine was included in the Red Hot flavoring (b). Invasion experiments were conducted with an n = 10 as outlined in the Methods section and statistically different values are noted as *p < .05