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CAL‐27 invasion with exposure Green Apple or Red Hot eCig liquid. Green Apple eCig liquid did not affect CAL‐27 cell invasion regardless of the presence or absence of nicotine (a). Red Hot eCig liquid reduced CAL‐27 invasion which was mildly rescued with the addition nicotine (b). Invasion experiments were conducted in triplicate as outlined in the Methods section and statistically different values are noted as *p < .05
