(A) In vitro pulmonary deposition patterns of CD-MOF-K-A, CD-MOF-K-B, CD-MOF-K-C, and CF. Inset shows the FPF values of different samples (data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3). (B) Mass median aerodynamic diameters of CD-MOF-K-A, CD-MOF-K-B, CD-MOF-K-C, and CF (data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3). (C) Emitted dose of CD-MOF-K-A, CD-MOF-K-B, CD-MOF-K-C, and CF (data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 10). (D) The experimental and simulated deposition rates of CD-MOF-K-A and CF in different stages of NGI. The simulation was performed using finite element method. (E) The velocity field of the NGI model by finite element method. (F) The trajectories of CD-MOF-K-A and CF particles in NGI model. Significant difference is regarded as P < 0.05, ∗P ≤ 0.05, ∗∗P ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗P ≤ 0.001.