Table 8.
Infant causes of death by site and infant gender
| Characteristic | India | Pakistan | India p-value | Pakistan p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |||
| Stillbirth cause of death, N (%)1,2,3 | 1224 | 1002 | 1062 | 803 | 0.3590 | 0.9886 |
| Birth asphyxia | 226 (18.5) | 152 (15.2) | 68 (6.4) | 49 (6.1) | ||
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g)/prematurity | 461 (37.7) | 395 (39.4) | 342 (32.2) | 256 (31.9) | ||
| Infection | 122 (10.0) | 104 (10.4) | 29 (2.7) | 24 (3.0) | ||
| Malformation | 99 (8.1) | 75 (7.5) | 28 (2.6) | 20 (2.5) | ||
| Other | 316 (25.8) | 276 (27.5) | 595 (56.0) | 454 (56.5) | ||
| Neonatal death < 42 days cause of death, N (%)1,2,3 | 2645 | 1967 | 2516 | 2000 | 0.3335 | 0.1421 |
| Birth asphyxia | 814 (30.8) | 605 (30.8) | 738 (29.3) | 575 (28.8) | ||
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g)/prematurity | 901 (34.1) | 685 (34.8) | 679 (27.0) | 585 (29.3) | ||
| Infection/sepsis | 216 (8.2) | 188 (9.6) | 332 (13.2) | 250 (12.5) | ||
| Congenital abnormalities/malformation | 167 (6.3) | 117 (5.9) | 84 (3.3) | 86 (4.3) | ||
| Other/no cause assigned | 547 (20.7) | 372 (18.9) | 683 (27.1) | 504 (25.2) | ||
1All MNH Registry 2010–2018 infants born in 08 Belagavi, 11 Nagpur, and 09 Pakistan with exclusions miscarriage, MTP, and maternal deaths prior to delivery
2Categorical variable p-values are computed with a cluster-stratified CMH test
3Physician-assigned stillbirth cause of death is only provided for Versions 0.1–1.4. Physician-assigned neonatal cause of death is constructed from all versions