. 2020 Dec 15;12:1179573520976832. doi: 10.1177/1179573520976832

Table 1.

Summary of the demographic, experimental, and outcome measurement details of the included studies.

Reference	Study design	Participants characteristics				Experimental details					Outcome measures
Reference	Study design	Neurological diagnosis	N	Age group	Concurrent medication	Stimulation type	Total stimulation time (min)	Current density (A/m²)	Concurrent task	Mean washout period (d)	Clinical outcome (description)	rsFC outcome
De Ridder and Vanneste⁴⁹	Parallel	Fibromyalgia	A:19	Adult	Yes	Bilateral	300	0.429	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (pain perception)	EEG phase lagged index
De Ridder and Vanneste⁴⁹	Parallel	Fibromyalgia	S:12	Adult	Yes	Bilateral	300	0.429	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (pain perception)	EEG phase lagged index
Neeb et al⁵⁰	Parallel	Inflammatory bowel disorder	A:24	Adult	Yes	Anodal	100	0.571	Nil	N/A		fMRI whole-brain rsFC
Neeb et al⁵⁰	Parallel	Inflammatory bowel disorder	S:12	Adult	Yes	Anodal	100	0.571	Nil	N/A		fMRI whole-brain rsFC
Porcaro et al⁵⁴	Crossover	Multiple sclerosis	13	Adult	No	Anodal	75	Varied	Nil	Not stated	Symptomatic relief (fatigue perception)	EEG mutual information
Mondino et al⁵¹	Parallel	Schizophrenia	A:11	Adult	Yes	Cathodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (auditory hallucination)	fMRI seed-whole brain rsFC
Mondino et al⁵¹	Parallel	Schizophrenia	S:12	Adult	Yes	Cathodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (auditory hallucination)
Palm et al²⁷	Parallel		A:10	Adult	Yes	Anodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (psychiatric symptoms)
Palm et al²⁷	Parallel		S:10	Adult	Yes	Anodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Symptomatic relief (psychiatric symptoms)
Shahbabaie et al⁵³	Crossover	Substance abuse	15	Adult	No	Bilateral	20	0.571	Nil	7	Symptomatic relief (drug craving intention)	fMRI whole-brain rsFC
Sotnikova et al⁵⁷	Crossover	ADHD	13	Adolescent	Yes	Anodal	20	0.769	n-back task	14	Enhancement of specific neurological function (working memory performance)	fMRI seed-whole brain rsFC
Cosmo et al⁵⁸	Parallel		A:30	Adult	Not stated	Bilateral	20	0.286	Nil	N/A	N/A (only rsFC outcome measure were planned)	Weighted node degree
Cosmo et al⁵⁸	Parallel		S:30	Adult	Not stated	Bilateral	20	0.286	Nil	N/A	N/A (only rsFC outcome measure were planned)	Weighted node degree
Schoellmann et al⁵⁵	Crossover	Parkinson’s disease	10	Elderly	No	Anodal	20	0.270	Nil	Not stated	Enhancement of specific neurological function (motor function)	Imaginary corticocortical coherence
Marangolo et al⁶²	Crossover	Stroke-induced aphasia	9	Adult	No	Bilateral	300	0.571	Syllable/word pronunciation training	14	Enhancement of specific neurological function (motor speech ability of trained items)	fMRI Eigenvector centrality
Ficek et al⁵⁶	Parallel	Primary progressive aphasia	A:12	Elderly	No	Anodal	300	0.800	Oral/written naming task training	N/A	Enhancement of specific neurological function (oral/written naming ability for trained and untrained items)	fMRI seed-seed rsFC
Ficek et al⁵⁶	Parallel	Primary progressive aphasia	S:12	Elderly	No	Anodal	300	0.800	Oral/written naming task training	N/A		fMRI seed-seed rsFC
Lefebvre et al⁵⁹	Crossover	Stroke	22	Elderly	Not stated	Bilateral	30	0.286	Motor skill learning	N/A	Enhancement of specific neurological function (execution of learnt motor skill)	fMRI seed-whole brain rsFC
Nicolo et al⁶⁰	Parallel		A:12	Elderly	Not stated	Bilateral	200	0.286	Nil	N/A	Enhancement of specific neurological function (upper limb function)	Weighted node degree
Nicolo et al⁶⁰	Parallel		S:12	Elderly	Not stated	Bilateral	200	0.286	Nil	N/A		Weighted node degree
Thibaut et al⁶¹	Crossover	Disorders of consciousness	14	Adult	Yes	Bilateral	20	Unknown	Nil	2	Enhancement of specific neurological function (spasticity)	EEG phase lagged index
Wu et al⁶³	Parallel		A:5	Adult	Yes	Anodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Enhancement of global neurological function	Coherence
Wu et al⁶³	Parallel		S:5	Adult	Yes	Anodal	200	0.571	Nil	N/A	Enhancement of global neurological function	Coherence

Abbreviations: A, active-tDCS; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; EEG, electroencephalography; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; N, number of participants; N/A, not applicable; rsFC, resting-state functional connectivity; S, sham-tDCS.