Table 1.
Characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension in the ACEI/ARB and non-ACEI/ARB groups.
| All patients (n = 126) | ACEI/ARB(n = 37) | Non-ACEI/ARB(n = 89) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 66.3 (10.6) | 65.6 (11.6) | 66.6 (10.1) | 0.628 |
| ≤70 | 80 (63.5) | 22 (59.5) | 58 (65.2) | 0.544 |
| >70 | 46 (36.5) | 15 (40.5) | 31 (34.8) | |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 56 (44.4) | 16 (43.2) | 40 (44.9) | 0.861 |
| Other comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 41 (32.5) | 11 (29.7) | 30 (33.7) | 0.664 |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (16.7) | 11 (29.7) | 10 (11.2) | 0.011 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8 (6.3) | 3 (8.1) | 5 (5.6) | 0.602 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10 (7.9) | 3 (8.1) | 7 (7.9) | 1.000 |
| Malignant tumors | 8 (6.3) | 3 (8.1) | 5 (5.6) | 0.692 |
| Chronic hepatorenal disease | 3 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.4) | 0.555 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 96 (76.2) | 29 (78.4) | 67 (75.3) | 0.710 |
| Cough | 86 (68.3) | 22 (59.5) | 64 (71.9) | 0.172 |
| Expectoration | 39 (31.0) | 6 (11.5) | 33 (37.1) | 0.021 |
| Fatigue | 56 (44.4) | 19 (51.4) | 37 (41.6) | 0.314 |
| Chill | 26 (20.6) | 6 (16.2) | 20 (22.5) | 0.429 |
| Anorexia | 30 (23.8) | 9 (24.3) | 21 (23.6) | 0.930 |
| Myalgia | 28 (22.2) | 9 (24.3) | 19 (21.3) | 0.714 |
| Dyspnea | 69 (54.8) | 17 (45.9) | 52 (58.4) | 0.200 |
| Pharyngalgia | 7 (5.6) | 1 (2.7) | 6 (6.7) | 0.673 |
| Diarrhea | 45 (35.7) | 10 (27.0) | 35 (39.3) | 0.189 |
| Time from onset to admission, median (IQR), days | 19 (15.1) | 10 (6.0–13.0) | 9 (5.0–14.0) | 0.818 |
| ≥10 | 61 (48.4) | 19 (51.4) | 42 (47.2) | 0.670 |
| <10 | 65 (51.6) | 18 (48.6) | 47 (52.8) | |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 15 (11.9) | 6 (16.2) | 9 (10.1) | 0.371 |
| CCB | 96 (76.2) | 21 (56.8) | 75 (84.3) | 0.001 |
| Diuretic | 5 (4.0) | 4 (10.8) | 1 (1.1) | 0.026 |
| Statins | 11 (8.7) | 9 (24.3) | 2 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic | 30 (23.8) | 7 (18.9) | 23 (25.8) | 0.406 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 18 (14.3) | 11 (29.7) | 7 (7.9) | 0.001 |
| Deaths | 21 (16.7) | 6 (16.2) | 15 (16.9) | 0.930 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers.