A. Average total neocortical grey matter (TGM) matter volume was not
different between healthy controls, HOA and KOA patients (age, gender and
intracranial volume were used as confound variables (F (2,145) =0.07, p=0.79)).
TGM differed by gender across groups, when controlling for total IC volume and
age (F (1,145) = 15.7, p<0.001), with females showing higher volumes. C.
Scatterplot represents total neocortical GM in relation to age for each subject,
color-coded by group; slopes were computed for each group, showing decrease of
TGM with age, for all groups (p<0.05; R2: controls=0.52; KOA=0.37;
HOA=0.17). C. Grey matter morphological changes assessed by voxel-based
morphometry (VBM). The three groups were contrasted together, using a 1-way
between subjects’-ANCOVA, with age, gender and total ICV as covariates of
no interest. Shown is the F-test statistical map, clustering determined using
uncorrected p-value binarized at value of 0.001 and cluster size>66
voxels. Only cingulate/paracigulate gyri showed regional GM volume difference
between the groups. D. Post hoc results for GM volume comparisons in the
identified region – anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri (ACC/PcG_LR).
Bars represent the mean grey matter volume and error bars represent the standard
error. Tukey HSD test showed regional GM volume was lower in HOA from KOA and
healthy subjects at p<0.001.KOA and controls did not show a statistically
significant difference (p=0.34). *p<0.001.