Table 1. Diagnostic value of DNA methylation in plasma or serum.

Gene	Name	Cases/controls	Concordance rate between methylation in tumor and blood	Anatomical site	Stage	Specimen	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC	Method	Reference
CDH1	Cadherin 1	62/320		All	NA	Serum	32%	73%	0.53	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
CCND2	Cyclin D2	47/284		All	NA	Serum	6%	98%	0.52	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
TGFBR2	Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2	37/134		All	NA	Serum	8%	94%	0.51	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
TIMP3	TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 3	50/296		All	NA	Serum	10%	95%	0.52	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
HIC1	Hypermethylated in Cancer 1	70/373		All	NA	Serum	31%	93%	0.62	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
PGP9.5	Neuron Cytoplasmatic Protein 9.5	52/203		All	NA	Serum	8%	98%	0.53	qMSPb	Carvalho et al. [34] (2008)
SEPT91	Septin 9	137/170	-	All	All	Plasma	62%	92%	0.79	quasi-digital PCR	De Vos et al. [38] (2017)
SHOX21	Short Stature Homeobox 2	137/170	-	All	All	Plasma	53%	87%	0.78	quasi-digital PCR	De Vos et al. [38] (2017)
SEPT92	Septin 9	141/102	-	All	All	Plasma	55%	90%	0.75	quasi-digital PCR	De Vos et al. [38] (2017)
SHOX22	Short Stature Homeobox 2	141/102	-	All	All	Plasma	43%	95%	0.77	quasi-digital PCR	De Vos et al. [38] (2017)
EDNRB	Endothelin Receptor Type B	100/50	-	All	All	Serum	10%	100%		qMSPb	Mydlarz et al. [35] (2016)
DCC	Deleted in Colo-rectal Cancer	100/50	-	All	All	Serum	2%	100%		qMSPb	Mydlarz et al. [35] (2016)
CDKN2A	Cyklin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	100/50	-	All	All	Serum	1%	100%		qMSPb	Mydlarz et al. [35] (2016)
CDKN2A	Cyklin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	17/8	65%	Oral	All	Serum	35%	100%		MSPa	Nakahara et al. [39] (2005)
CDKN2A	Cyklin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	50/0	27%	All	All	Serum	4%	-		MSPa	Sanchez-Cespedes et al. [40] (2000)
MGMT	O6-Methylguanine-DNA-Methyltransferase	50/0	33%	All	All	Serum	7%	-		MSPa	Sanchez-Cespedes et al. [40] (2000)
DAPK	Death-Associated Protein Kinase	50/0	18%	All	All	Serum	2%	-		MSPa	Sanchez-Cespedes et al. [40] (2000)
GSTP1	Glutathione S-transferase p1	50/0	0%	All	All	Serum	0%	-		MSPa	Sanchez-Cespedes et al. [40] (2000)
SHOX21	Short Stature Homeobox 2	137/122	-	All	All	Plasma	50%	95%	0.80	qPCR	Schröck et al. [37] (2017)
SEPT91	Septin 9	137/122	-	All	All	Plasma	57%	95%	0.79	qPCR	Schröck et al. [37] (2017)
SHOX22	Short Stature Homeobox 2	141/102	-	All	All	Plasma			0.79	qPCR	Schröck et al. [37] (2017)
SEPT92	Septin 9	141/102	-	All	All	Plasma			0.74	qPCR	Schröck et al. [37] (2017)
CDKN2A	Cyklin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	20/24	49%	All	All	Plasma	65% (13/20)	67% (16/24)		Real time PCR	Wong et al. [36] (2003)
CDKN2B	Cyklin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B	20/24	60%	All	All	Plasma	60% (12/20)	50% (12/24)		Real time PCR	Wong et al. [36] (2003)

a: Methylation specific PCR.

b: Quantitative methylation specific PCR.

c: Combined bisulfite restriction analysis.

1: Training Cohort.

2: Testing cohort.

*The test is between OSCC and OP. No healthy controls.