Table 1.
Effects of anticancer drugs on the heparan sulfate proteoglycans in different cancer cell models
| ANTICANCER DRUG | TARGETS | CANCER TYPE | BIOLOGICAL EFFECT | REFERENCE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Products | Calcarea Carbonica | Perlecan | Melanoma | Perlecan expression antagonist | 37 |
| Genistein | Heparan Sulfate (HS) Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Dermatan Sulfate (DS) |
Colon adenocarcinoma Breast cancer |
Regulate the synthesis and distribution of glycosaminoglycans |
40 | |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | Nbto62 | Syndecan-1 | Multiple myeloma | Blocking syndecan-1 activity | 28 |
| B-B4 | Multiple melanoma | 27 | |||
| OC-46F2 | Melanoma And ovarian carcinoma |
25,26 | |||
| Codrituzumab | Glypican 3 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Blocking glypican-3 activity | 30,31 | |
| GPC1-AD | Glypican 1 | Cervical Cancer | Inhibited the growth of glypican-positive cervical cancer cells | 31 | |
| Trastuzumab | Heparan sulfate | Breast cancer | Mediates trastuzumab effect | 33,34 | |
| Syndecan-1 | Decreases syndecan-1 expression | ||||
| Syndecan −4 and Perlecan | Anoikis resistant endothelial cells | Decreases syndecan-4 and perlecan expression | 34 | ||
| Panitumumab | Syndecan-4 | Colon cancer | Decreases the expression of syndecan-4 | 35 | |
| Antitumor antibiotic | Mitoxantrone | Glypican 3 | Gastric carcinoma | GPC3 contributes to resistance of cancer cells to mitoxantrone | 45 |
| Bleomycin | Heparan Sulfate (HS) Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Dermatan Sulfate (DS) |
Colon Cancer Lung cancer |
Decreases sulfation and change the quantity and disaccharide composition of GAGs | 48 | |
| Mimetic Peptide | NT4 | HSPGs Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans |
Pancreas adenocarcinoma | Binds to HSPGs and GAGs and inhibited adhesion, reduces angiogenesis and invasiveness |
4,38 |
| Synstatin | Syndecan 1 | Breast cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Inhibits the syndecan-1-coupled IGF1R-αvβ3 integrin complex |
51,52 | |
| PG545 | Heparan Sulfate | Breast, prostate, liver, lung, colon, head and neck cancers and melanoma | Inhibits heparanase activity, angiogenesis and induce anti-metastatic effects |
56 | |
| M402 | Pancreatic cancer Melanoma |
Binds to multiples growth factors, adhesion molecules, and cytokines to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis | 55 | ||
| Phosphomannopentaose Sulfate (PI-88) | Adenocarcinoma mammary Myeloid leukemia |
Inhibits heparanase activity, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis | 43 | ||
| Others | Bisphosphonate Zoledronic acid (ASCO) | Syndecan-1 Syndecan-2 Syndecan- 4 Glypican |
Breast cancer | Syndecan-1 and glypican 1 downregulation and syndecan-4 upregulation | 44 |
| all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) | Syndecan −1 | Lung cancer | Modulate the syndecan-1 expression and shedding | 45 |