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. 2020 Dec 17;15(12):e0243239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243239

Table 4. Association of socio-demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data with arboviruses seropositivity.

Dengue Zika Chikungunya Flaviviruses& No arbovirus
Variables OR 95% CI p-valor OR 95% CI p-valor OR 95% CI p-valor OR 95% CI p-valor OR 95% CI p-valor
Gender Female Ref .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Male 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.25 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 0.76 1.0 (0.8–1.4) 0.61 1.3 (1.0–1.6) <0.001 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.27
Race Black Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Non-black 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 0.54 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 0.21 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 0.03 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 0.32 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 0.18
Age (years) 0–14 Ref .. .. Ref .. Ref .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
15–29 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.75 1.3 (0.5–3.6) 0.56 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 0.82 2.7 (1.7–4.2) <0.001 0.3 (0.2–0.5) <0.001
30–59 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.29 0.6 (0.2–1.6) 0.29 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 0.99 3.1 (2.0–4.9) <0.001 0.4 (0.2–0.6) <0.001
≥ 60 0.6 (0.3–1.0) 0.07 0.9 (0.3–2.7) 0.88 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 0.49 3.5 (2.2–5.6) <0.001 0.4 (0.2–0.6) <0.001
Literacy (years) 0–4 Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
5–9 2.0 (1.0–3.9) 0.04 0.5 (0.1–1.7) 0.26 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 0.31 1.3 (0.9–2.1) 0.19 0.4 (0.2–0.7) <0.001
10–12 1.7 (0.7–3.9) 0.22 0.8 (0.3–2.7) 0.81 1.1 (0.5–2.3) 0.78 1.6 (1.0–2.6) 0.05 0.3 (0.2–0.7) <0.001
≥ 13 2.1 (0.9–4.9) 0.07 0.4 (0.1–1.3) 0.13 0.9 (0.4–1.9) 0.78 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 0.85 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 0.12
Previous YFI* No Ref .. .. Ref .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Yes 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.56 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 0.37 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.49 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.59 1.4 (0.9–2.2) 0.12
Previous DENV# No Ref .. .. Ref .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Yes 0.9 (0.7–1.3) 0.74 0.9 (0.5–1.9) 0.91 1.7 (1.2–2.4) <0.001 1.6 (1.1–2.1) <0.001 0.5 (0.2–0.9) 0.03
Previous ZIKV# No Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Yes 0.2 (0.1;0.4) <0.001 2.8 (1.2;6.8) 0.02 5.9 (3.5;9.9) <0.001 3.9 (2.4;6.4) <0.001 0.2 (0.1;0.5) <0.001
Previous CHIKV# No Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. .. Ref .. ..
Yes 0.4 (0.2;0.8) 0.01 0.5 (0.2;1.5) 0.23 26.3 (14.4;47.9) <0.001 3.4 (1.9;5.8) <0.001 0.05 (0.01;0.3) <0.001

* YFV: Yellow fever immunization

# Previous DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV: Self-reported previous diagnosis

& Flaviviruses = abDENV+ abZIKV+ positive sera.