Table 4.

P-CEQ overall and subscale scores by different groups (n = 250).

Groups	Own capacity	Participation	Professional support	Perceived safety	Mean CEQ score
Hospital type
Public (n = 211)	2.3 (0.6)	2.6 (0.6)	2.8 (0.6)	2.7 (0.5)	2.4 (0.5)
Private (n = 39)	2.3 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	2.5 (0.5)	2.2 (0.4)	2.3 (0.4)
P value	0.80	0.40	0.080	0.99	0.92
Cohen's effect size	0.05	0.10	0.09	0.33	0.22
Labor duration
≤12 h (n = 193)	2.5 (0.6)	2.6 (0.7)	2.7 (0.7)	2.6 (0.7)	2.6 (0.5)
>12 h (n = 67)	2.3 (0.7)	2.5 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.3 (0.8)	2.3 (0.6)
P value	0.001	0.510	0.087	0.005	0.007
Cohen's effect size	0.33	0.10	0.15	0.28	0.26
Oxytocin augmentation
Yes (n = 169)	2.4 (0.7)	2.5 (0.7)	2.7 (0.7)	2.5 (0.7)	2.5 (0.6)
No (n = 81)	2.4 (0.6)	2.6 (0.6)	2.6 (0.7)	2.5 (0.7)	2.5 (0.5)
P value	0.852	0.429	0.081	0.998	0.912
Cohen's effect size	0.06	0.11	0.07	0.00	0.02
Type of birth
Spontaneous vaginal (n = 243)	2.8 (0.5)	2.8 (0.8)	3.5 (0.5)	3 (0.6)	3 (0.4)
Instrumental (n = 7)	2.5 (0.5)	2.6 (0.8)	3.5 (0.4)	2.6 (0.6)	2.9 (0.4)
P value	0.082	0.18	0.50	0.01	0.030
Cohen's effect size	0.30	0.20	0.01	0.30	0.30
Perineal status after birth
Episiotomy (n = 187)	2.7 (0.6)	2.8 (0.9)	3.6 (0.6)	3 (0.7)	3.1(0.6)
Tears (grade 1 and 2) (n = 63)	2.6 (0.5)	2.6 (0.8)	3.5 (0.5)	2.8 (0.6)	2.9 (0.4)
P value	0.42	0.50	0.43	0.035	0.07
Cohen's effect size	0.36	0.30	0.04	0.22	0.36

Data presented as mean (SD); Mann–Whitney U test was used to compute P values. The overall score of the CEQ was the mean score of the four subscales.