Table 2.
Major observational studies of acute influenza and COVID-19 reporting ICU admission
| Study | Country | Design | (N) | Pre-existing CVD for patients in ICU, (%) | ICU, N (%) | ICU stay, days | Requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute influenza | |||||||
| Chacko et al. [17] | India | Retrospective | 37 | 5.4 | 37 (100) | 12 (9–15) | 25 (67.6) |
| Fagnoul et al. [18] | Belgium | Retrospective | 46 | 10.9 | 46 (100) | 9 (2–16) | 26 (56.5) |
| Han et al. [19] | China | Retrospective | 40 | 15.0 | 40 (100) | NR | NR |
| Ludwig et al. [20] | USA | Retrospective | 600 | 28.8 | 44/143 (30.8) | 6 (2–30) | NR |
| Chao et al. [45] | Taiwan | Retrospective | 125 | 35.2 | 125 (100) | 12.7 (10.2)* | NR |
| Gao et al. [26] | China | Retrospective | 321 | NR | 260 (81.o) | 10 (3–20) | 196 (61.1) |
| Summary estimate, % (95% CI)‡ | NA | NA | 1169 | 20.6 (13.2, 30.7) | 93.8 (74.7, 98.7)§ | NA | 61.1 (56.3, 65.7) |
| COVID-19 | |||||||
| Cummings et al. [27] | USA | Prospective Cohort | 257 | NR | 203 (79.0) | NR | 203 (80.0) |
| Richardson et al. [29] | USA | Retrospective case-series | 5700 | NR | 1281 (22.5) | NR | 1151 (20.2) |
| Goyal, 2020 [30] | USA | Retrospective case-series | 393 | NR | NR | NR | 130 (33.1) |
| Arentz et al. [31] | USA | Retrospective case-series | 21 | NR | 21 (100) | NR | NR |
| Chen et al. [28] | China | Retrospective | 99 | NR | NR | NR | 4 (4.0) |
| Zhou et al. [32] | China | Retrospective Cohort | 191 | NR | 50 (26.2) | 8 (4–12) | 32 (16.8) |
| Huang et al. [4] | China | Cohort | 41 | NR | 13 (31.7) | NR | 2 (4.9) |
| Guan et al. [33] | China | Cohort | 1099 | NR | 55 (5.0) | NR | 25 (2.3) |
| Wang et al. [35] | China | Retrospective case-series | 138 | 8.0 | 36 (26.1) | NR | 6 (4.3) |
| Yang et al. [36] | China | Retrospective | 52 | 9.6 | 52 (100) | NR | 22 (42.3) |
| Wu et al. [37] | China | Cohort | 201 | NR | 53 (26.4) | NR | 5 (2.5) |
| Shi et al. [39] | China | Cohort | 416 | NR | NR | NR | 32 (7.7) |
| Yu et al. [40] | China | Prospective | 226 | 11.5 | 226 (100) | NR | 85 (37.6) |
| Summary estimate, % (95% CI)‡ | NA | NA | 8834 | 10.2 (7.6, 13.5) | 47.2 (28.9, 66.3) | NA | 14.4 (8.0, 24.5) |
ICU stay reported as median (IQR)
ICU intensive care unit, CVD cardiovascular disease, NR not reported, NA not applicable
*Data reported as mean (SD)
‡Summary estimates were calculated using meta-analysis of proportions. Logit transformed proportions and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from studies reporting the aforementioned data were pooled using random-effects model and presented as % (95% CI)
§Results including studies presenting 100% ICU admissions. Pooled proportional analysis of Gao 2020 and Ludwig 2017 yielded 58.0% (13.1%, 92.7%)