Table 1.
Radiocarbon determinations from Layers 4–6 at Kůlna Cave. Calibrated age range is reported at 2 sigma uncertainty on the IntCal20 timeline. Reported δ13C isotope values were measured by IRMS as part of the AMS dating process. References: (1) this study, (2) Mook, 1988, (3) Nerudová, and Neruda, 2014. n.d. no data. Units in brackets correspond to the final system of unit division of the cave
| UPNORTH project sample code | Sample type | Species | Element | Layer | Sector | Unit | δ13C | C/N atomic ratio | Lab code | 14C date | Dating method | Calibrated Age BP (2σ) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | bone | n.d | n.d | 4 | K | III-IV/F | n.d | n.d | GrN-6102 | 11,470 ± 105 | conv. | 13,162–13,576 | 2 |
| n/a | charcoal | n.d | n.d | 4 | B/C | I-II/L,M,P,R | n.d | n.d | GrN-11051 | 2,135 ± 45 | conv. | 1,992–2,305 | 2 |
| UPN-162 | bone | A. alces | metatarsal | 4 | A | 7f = P/VII | − 21.2 | n.d | OxA-25284 | 11,820 ± 50 | AMS | 13,520–13,790 | 3 |
| UPN-163 | bone | A. alces | metatarsal | 4 | A | 1a = T/XIII | − 20.7 | n.d | OxA-25285 | 11,770 ± 55 | AMS | 13,501–13,765 | 3 |
| UPN-164 | bone | Equus sp. | tibia | 4 | A | 6f = P/VIII | − 19.9 | n.d | OxA-25286 | 11,070 ± 50 | AMS | 12,846–13,096 | 3 |
| UPN-120 | bone | Equus sp. | phalange 2 | 5 | A | 6 g (O/8) | − 21.1 | 3.4 | OxA-V-2777-55C | 12,810 ± 60 | AMS | 15,110–15,535 | 1 |
| UPN-128 | bone | Equus sp. | metacarpal | 5 | D | S/III,IV | − 21.2 | 3.3 | OxA-V-2777-56C | 11,510 ± 50 | AMS | 13,298–13,490 | 1 |
| n/a | bone | n.d | n.d | 5 | C | I-III/K-L | n.d | n.d | GrN-6103 | 17,480 ± 155 | conv. | 20,750–21,733 | 2 |
| UPN-165 | bone | uncertain | unknown | 5 | C | I/L,M | − 20.1 | n.d | OxA-25287 | 11,010 ± 50 | AMS | 12,783–13,084 | 3 |
| UPN-166 | bone | Equus sp. | unknown | 5 | C | I-III/K,L | − 20.4 | n.d | OxA-25288 | 12,600 ± 60 | AMS | 14,565–15,215 | 3 |
| UPN-102 | bone | Equus sp. | phalange | 6 | A | 6a (T/VIII) | − 21.5 | 3.3 | OxA-V-2775-57C | 12,910 ± 60 | AMS | 15,242–15,634 | 1 |
| UPN-171 | bone | R. tarandus | humerus | 6 | G1 | 38/L | − 19.4 | 3.3 | OxA-V-2793-53C | 12,650 ± 50 | AMS | 14,925–15,254 | 1 |
| UPN-171 | bone | R. tarandus | humerus | 6 | G1 | 38/L | − 19.4 | n.d | OxA-25291 | 12,620 ± 60 | AMS | 14,611–15,248 | 3 |
| n/a | charcoal | n.d | n.d | 6 | G2 | 37-38/M,O | n.d | n.d | GrN-5097 | 11,590 ± 80 | conv. | 13,305–13,600 | 2 |
| n/a | charcoal | n.d | n.d | 6 | D2/C | 13-14/I-L | n.d | n.d | GrN-11053 | 11,450 ± 90 | conv. | 13,166–13,490 | 2 |
| n/a | charcoal | n.d | n.d | 6 | D2/C | 13-14/I-L | n.d | n.d | GrN-11052 | 7,550 ± 110 | conv. | 8,048–8,590 | 2 |
| UPN-169 | bone | Equus sp. | pelvis | 6 | G1 | 37-38/M | − 20.8 | n.d | OxA-25289 | 12,575 ± 60 | AMS | 14,516–15,179 | 3 |
| UPN-170 | bone | Equus sp. | tibia | 6 | G1 | 36-37/N | − 20.9 | n.d | OxA-25290 | 12,555 ± 60 | AMS | 14,467–15,156 | 3 |