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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jun 18;213:108124. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108124

Table 2.

Poisson regressions of associations between digital technology use and past substance use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in 2018a
Past 2-week binge drinkingb Past 30-day drinkingb Past 30-day cannabis usec Past 30-day flavor vapingd Past 30-day cannabis vapingc Past 30-day nicotine vapingd
N = 23071 N = 23241 N = 23258 N = 6985 N = 7020 N = 6998
Hours spent texting 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.12(0.74, 1.69) 1.45 (1.1, 1.9) 1.32 (0.97, 1.8) 1.13 (0.63, 2.05) 1.41 (0.67, 3) 1.36 (0.77, 2.43)
1–2 1.54 (1.02, 2.33) 1.82 (1.38, 2.4) 1.85 (1.36, 2.52) 1.71 (0.95, 3.09) 1.95 (0.93, 4.08) 1.62 (0.91, 2.88)
3+ 1.86 (1.24, 2.8) 2.03 (1.54, 2.67) 2.17 (1.6, 2.94) 2.09 (1.17, 3.71) 2.1 (1.03, 4.3) 1.81 (1.02, 3.19)
N = 22943 N = 23113 N = 23130 N = 6949 N = 6983 N = 6963
Hours spent talking on cell phone 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.45 (1.2, 1.77) 1.32 (1.17, 1.47) 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) 1.45 (1.07, 1.97) 1.96 (1.25, 3.09) 1.27 (1, 1.63)
1–2 1.85 (1.49, 2.28) 1.44 (1.27, 1.63) 1.49 (1.29, 1.71) 2.18 (1.59, 3) 2.14 (1.31, 3.51) 1.57 (1.2, 2.05)
3+ 1.97 (1.58, 2.45) 1.59 (1.4, 1.8) 1.58 (1.37, 1.83) 1.97 (1.42, 2.73) 2.28 (1.38, 3.74) 1.42 (1.08, 1.87)
N = 22911 N = 23082 N = 23100 N = 6933 N = 6968 N = 6946
Hours spent social networking 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.33 (0.96, 1.83) 1.42 (1.16, 1.74) 1.12(0.87, 1.43) 1.47 (0.89, 2.44) 1.1 (0.53, 2.28) 1.3 (0.81, 2.1)
1–2 1.45 (1.08, 1.96) 1.67 (1.38, 2.02) 1.55 (1.23, 1.96) 1.66 (1.02, 2.69) 1.47 (0.76, 2.85) 1.75 (1.11, 2.75)
3+ 1.85 (1.38, 2.49) 1.99 (1.65, 2.41) 1.94 (1.55, 2.44) 2.48 (1.56, 3.96) 1.85 (0.98, 3.49) 2.06 (1.31, 3.21)
N = 22980 N = 23150 N = 23167 N = 6967 N = 7003 N = 6980
Hours spent video chatting 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.44 (1.26, 1.64) 1.35 (1.25, 1.47) 1.15 (1.05, 1.27) 1.26(1.05, 1.52) 1.47 (1.11, 1.95) 1.26 (1.07, 1.49)
1–2 1.38 (1.18, 1.62) 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) 1.25 (0.99, 1.59) 1.47 (1.04, 2.07) 1.37 (1.12, 1.68)
3+ 1.28 (1.1, 1.5) 1.3 (1.18, 1.44) 1.42 (1.28, 1.58) 1.59(1.28, 1.97) 1.35 (0.94, 1.94) 1.2(0.96, 1.49)
N = 23137 N = 23308 N = 23326 N = 7005 N = 7039 N = 7017
Hours spent gaming 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1 (0.81, 1.23) 0.91 (0.8, 1.03) 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) 0.77 (0.55, 1.08) 0.8 (0.5, 1.26) 1 (0.75, 1.34)
1–2 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) 0.9 (0.8, 1.02) 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) 0.67 (0.42, 1.07) 0.93 (0.7, 1.25)
3+ 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) 0.94 (0.84. 1.05) 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) 1 (0.74, 1.36) 0.7 (0.46, 1.06) 0.95 (0.72, 1.25)
N = 24772 N = 24966 N = 24987 N = 6989 N = 7024 N = 7002
Hours spent watching videos: weekdays 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) 1.12(0.93, 1.34) 0.92 (0.73, 1.14) 1 (0.6, 1.68) 1.88 (0.71, 4.98) 1.47 (0.93, 2.32)
1–2 1.08 (0.82, 1.43) 1.12(0.94, 1.33) 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) 0.96 (0.59, 1.56) 2.24 (0.88, 5.67) 1.48 (0.96, 2.28)
3+ 1.18 (0.9, 1.54) 1.17(0.99, 1.39) 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) 1.16(0.72, 1.87) 1.94 (0.77, 4.87) 1.31 (0.86, 2.02)
N = 24721 N = 24915 N = 24935 N = 6984 N = 7015 N = 6995
Hours spent watching videos: weekends 0 REF REF REF REF REF REF
< 1 1.14(0.83, 1.57) 1 (0.82, 1.23) 0.94 (0.76, 1.18) 1.28 (0.67, 2.44) 1.11 (0.43, 2.84) 1.45 (0.84, 2.5)
1–2 0.89 (0.65, 1.21) 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) 1.33 (0.74, 2.42) 1 (0.42, 2.39) 1.22 (0.72, 2.08)
3+ 0.8 (0.6, 1.07) 0.96 (0.8, 1.15) 0.84 (0.69, 1.01) 1.28 (0.72, 2.27) 0.89 (0.39, 2.06) 0.99 (0.59, 1.65)

All data are presented as aRR (95% CI). All models adjusted for grade, race/ethnicity, most recent GPA, and highest level of parental education received), past-year substance use, and assigned instrument form.

a

Models with vaping outcomes only include 8th and 10th graders. Drugs included in “other drug” category vary by grade: for 12th graders we include LSD, other hallucinogens, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, tranquilizers, heroin, narcotics, crack, and other forms of cocaine. For 8th and 10th graders we do not include heroin, narcotics, or sedatives.

b

Adjusted for past-year cannabis use, and other past-year drug use.

c

Adjusted for past-year drinking, and other past-year drug use.

d

Adjusted for past-year drinking, past-year cannabis use, and other past-year drug use.