Table 1:
Clinical characteristics of study population
| Deceased [n=18] | Living [n=77] | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | |||
| Age at initial assessment, years* | 30 [22–42] | 23 [17–34] | 0.03 |
| Age at death or last follow-up, years* | 35 [28–50] | 30 [25–42] | 0.09 |
| Sex** | |||
| Male | 7 [39] | 31 [40] | 0.9 |
| Female | 11[61] | 46 [60] | |
| Race** | |||
| African-American | 18 [100] | 66 [86] | 0.12 |
| Hispanic | 0 [0] | 11 [14] | |
| SCD genotype** | |||
| SS | 17[94] | 61 [79] | |
| SC | 1[6] | 12 [16] | 0.3 |
| S-Beta thalassemia | 0[0] | 4 [5] | |
| Treatment status at study** | |||
| Chronically transfused | 8 [44] | 18 [23] | 0.08 |
| Non-transfused | 10[56] | 59[77] | |
| Blood and Hemolytic markers | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)* | 8.3 [7.1–9.8] | 9.3 [8.6–10.1] | 0.02 |
| White-cell count (K/uL)* | 10.9 [9.6–16.1] | 8.5 [6.8–12.2] | 0.03 |
| Reticulocyte count (%)* | 9.5[6.8–18.8] | 7.9[4.5–12.8] | 0.07 |
| Hemoglobin S (%)* | 66.7[31–79.9] | 69.5[49.9–84.2] | 0.4 |
| Plasma free hemoglobin (mg/dL)* | 25 [18–35] | 14 [11–23] | 0.02 |
| Plasma free hemoglobin category | |||
| >10 (abnormal) | 13[81] | 57[76] | 0.7 |
| <=10 (normal) | 3[19] | 18[24] | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) * | 1248 [814–1982] | 959 [765–1313] | 0.04 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) * | 6.3[1.9–14.6] | 3.4[1.6–7.6] | 0.2 |
| Vascular markers | |||
| Oxygen saturation – pulse oximetry (%)* | 94 [91–97] | 96 [94–98] | 0.05 |
| Δ Flow mediated dilation (%)* | 4.7 [3.1–5.3] | 5.4 [3.8–6.9] | 0.2 |
| Δ Flow mediated dilation category | |||
| <6% (abnormal) | 14[88] | 41[64] | 0.07 |
| >=6% (normal) | 2 [12] | 23[36] | |
| rSO2 by NIRs (%)Δ | 39 [29–41] | 40 [33–48] | 0.3 |
| Resting microcirculatory blood flow (PU) * | 41 [38–69] | 51 [24–82] | 0.9 |
| Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia (%ΔPU) Δ | 204.6 [150.5–270.9] | 163.6 [104.9–257.3] | 0.4 |
| Cardiac markers | |||
| TRV (cm/sec)Δ | 268 [225–301] | 234 [208–257] | 0.01 |
| TRV category | |||
| >250 cm/sec (abnormal) | 10[62.5] | 22[31] | 0.02 |
| <=250 cm/sec (normal) | 6[37.5] | 49[69] | |
| Lat E’ cm/sec* | 12.95[11.2–15.8] | 15.8[12.9–19.8] | 0.01 |
| Lat S’ cm/sec* | 10.5[8.95–12.6] | 9.6[8.3–11.5] | 0.09 |
| Average E/E’* | 8.6[6.9–9.9] | 7.7[6.3–8.7] | 0.17 |
| MV E/A ratio | 1.65 [1.40–2.14] | 2.04 [1.73–2.48] | 0.02 |
| LA volume index* (ml/m2) | 38.2[28.1–49.9] | 31.8[24.5–38.6] | 0.06 |
*
Results are represented as median [IQR]; Wilcoxon rank sum test
**
Results are represented as n (%); X2 test
Δ
Results are represented as median [IQR]; T-test