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. 2020 Dec 4;14:588672. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.588672

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Synchronized individual recordings of vocal and neural activity in group-living birds behaving freely. (A) Sonogram of the typical zebra finch repertoire: contact and breeding calls are produced by both sexes but only males sing. (B) Chronically implanted electrodes record from the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM); the ascending auditory pathway is shown in red (CN, cochlear nucleus; LLv, ventral lateral lemniscus; UVA, nucleus uvaeformis; Ov, nucleus ovoidalis; CM, caudal mesopallium; HVC, proper name). (C) Example of synchronous recording of a vocal interaction and NCMs neural responses within an experimental trio. The top, middle and bottom panels correspond, respectively, to vocalizations of the female (red), vocalizations of the extra-pair male (single; green) and the paired-male’s NCM LPF activity. Raw LFP corresponds to the 300 Hz threshold low pass filtered local field potential (LFP) response in NCM. (D) Sketch of non-breeding (NB) and breeding (B) life stages.