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. 2020 Dec 4;11:588326. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588326

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Copyright © 2020 Ogunyemi, Zhang, Abdallah, Ahmed, Qiu, Ali, Yan, Yang, Chen and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Inhibitory effect of bulk metal oxide and nanoparticles. (B) Effect of the bulk metal oxide and nanoparticles on bacterial growth. (C) Effect of the bulk metal oxide and nanoparticles on biofilm formation. (D) Effect of the bulk metal oxide and nanoparticles on the swarming motility of Xoo strain GZ 0006. Zn + Y, ZnO nanoparticles; Mg + Y, MgO nanoparticles; Mn + Y, MnO₂ nanoparticles; ZnO, Bulk ZnO; MgO, Bulk MgO, MnO, Bulk MnO₂. Values are mean ± standard deviation of three replicates and bars with the same letters are not significantly different in LSD test (P < 0.05).