Table 1.

Ranking of candidate reference genes.

geNorm Ranking	Developmental stage		Tissue
	Gene name	M-value	Gene name	M-value
1	αTUB	0.300	ACT	0.892
2	GAPDH	0.307	UBC	0.991
3	HSP70	0.316	αTUB	1.018
4	ACT	0.329	HSP70	1.038
5	UBC	0.371	EF1α	1.043
6	RPS18	0.387	RPS18	1.123
7	ATPase	0.408	GAPDH	1.144
8	EF1α	0.453	ATPase	1.599
9	HSP60	0.551	HSP60	1.630
10	GST	0.717	GST	1.709

BestKeeper Ranking	Developmental stage			Tissue
	Gene name	SD	[r]	Gene name	SD	[r]
1	GAPDH	0.37	0.977	RPS18	0.56	0.975
2	αTUB	0.40	0.984	GAPDH	0.74	0.959
3	ACT	0.43	0.999	ATPase	0.91	0.889
4	HSP70	0.45	0.996	UBC	0.96	0.981
5	UBC	0.31	0.893	ACT	0.99	0.995
6	EF1α	0.47	0.898	EF1α	1.03	0.982
7	RPS18	1.24	0.977	HSP70	1.14	0.984
8	ATPase	0.51	0.043	αTUB	1.19	0.988
9	GST	0.59	0.598	HSP60	1.98	0.987
10	HSP60	0.66	0.772	GST	1.52	0.837

Normfinder Ranking	Developmental stage		Tissue
	Gene name	Stability Value	Gene name	Stability Value
1	GAPDH	0.036	EF1α	0.145
2	αTUB	0.038	ACT	0.166
3	HSP70	0.088	HSP70	0.190
4	ACT	0.145	UBC	0.206
5	UBC	0.230	αTUB	0.212
6	RPS18	0.231	RPS18	0.492
7	EF1α	0.236	GAPDH	0.598
8	ATPase	0.238	ATPase	0.813
9	HSP60	0.258	HSP60	0.816
10	GST	0.491	GST	1.235

Comparative ΔCt Ranking	Developmental stage		Tissue
	Gene name	Stability Value	Gene name	Stability Value
1	ACT	0.46	ACT	0.90
2	HSP70	0.46	UBC	1.00
3	αTUB	0.46	αTUB	1.02
4	GAPDH	0.47	HSP70	1.04
5	UBC	0.57	EF1α	1.04
6	EF1α	0.57	RPS18	1.13
7	HSP60	0.70	GAPDH	1.15
8	GST	0.87	ATPase	1.60
9	ATPase	1.08	HSP60	1.67
10	RPS18	1.26	GST	1.71

The bold indicates the gene expression is unstable under specific experimental conditions.