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. 2020 Dec 4;8:598311. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.598311

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Copyright © 2020 Nobre, Pütz, König, Rupf and Hannig.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TEM analysis of a 48-hour biofilm at 68,000-fold magnification of a sample after hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-based solution rinsing. Black arrows point to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and Ti indicates the former titanium specimen.