Table 2.
Summary of included studies
| First author/year | Design | Treatment/control group | Split-mouth design | Mean age (years) control/treatment | Type of surgery | Follow-up period after surgery (month) | Follow-up period after LLLT (month) | Wavelength (nm) | Energy (J) /energy density (J/cm2) | Power (mw) | Period of application (sec per point) | Total number of LLLT sessions | Days of LLLT (post-operation) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment side/control side | ||||||||||||||
| Führer-Valdivia 2014 [17] | DB-RCT | 16/14 | 21.5 (8)/23 (5) | BSSRO | 6 | 5 | 810 ± 20 | 9/32 | 100 | 90 | 8 | 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21, 28 | ||
| Gasperini 2014 [18] | DB-RCT | 10/10 | 30/30 | BSSRO | 2 | 1 | 660-789-780 | 1.2/5 | 20-60-70 | 10-20-40 | 14 | 0, 1, 2, 3, +10 days with 48 h intervalª | ||
| Mohajerani 2017 [33] | DB-RCT | 10/10 | 22.8 ± 3.6/24.1 ± 4.6 | BSSRO | 6 | 5 | 810-632 |
−/5 −/2 |
90 | 6 | 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 | |||
| Eshghpour 2017 [13] | DB-RCT | 16/16 | 23.1 ± 4.4/23.1 ± 4.4 | BSSRO | 2 | 1 | 660-810 |
2/1.5 2/7 |
200 | 10 | 9 | 1, 2, 3, +6 days in 3 weeks | ||
| Guarini 2017 [19] | DB-RCT | 33/9 | 29.8 (24)/25.8 (22) | BSSRO | 24 | 23 | 810 ± 20 | 9/31.8 | 100 | 8 | 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21, 28 | |||
| Buysse Temprano 2017 [31] | SB-RCT | 12/12 | 30 /30 | BSSRO | 1 | 0 | 808 | 2.8/100 | 100 | 28 | 10 | |||
| Esmaeelinejad 2018 [32] | DB-RCT | 20/20 | 27.35 ± 3.35/25.7 ± 4.06 | BSSRO | 13 | 12 | 810 | −/8.4 | 70 | 60 | 10 | 0, 1, 2, 3, +6 days in 2 weeksª | ||
| Sharifi 2020 [34] | TB-RCT | 18/18 | 23 ± 5/23 ± 5 | BSSRO | 2 | 1 | 980 | −/12 | 100 | 60 | 7 | −1, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28ª | ||
DB-RCT Double-blind randomized controlled trial, SB-RCT Single-blind randomized controlled trial, TB-RCT Triple-blind randomized controlled trial, BSSRO Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, LLLT Low-level laser therapy, a: 0 = immediately after surgery, −1: a day before surgery