Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants.

Variable	Seizure after operation		P value
	Yes	No
Age (years) at operation			0.526
≥60	10/54	44/54
<60	30/132	102/132
Gender			0.638
male	10/52	42/52
female	30/134	104/134
Seizure before operation			0.090
Yes	12/38	26/38
No	28/148	120/148
The course of disease(years)			0.983
<1	31/146	115/146
1–5	6/27	21/27
>5	3/13	10/13
Maximum cross-sectional area			0.579
≤15	23/114	91/114
>15	17/72	55/72
Location of tumor			0.032
non-skull base location	34/142	108/142
skull base location	6/44	36/44
Multiple tumor			0.502
Yes	3/10	7/10
No	37/176	139/176
Adjacent to the cortex			0.150
Yes	27/107	80/107
No	13/79	66/79
Peritumoral brain edema			0.149
Yes	27/108	81/108
No	13/78	65/78
Hydrocephalus			0.003
yes	7/13	6/13
No	33/173	140/173
WHO classification			0.245
I level	35/171	136/171
II/III level	5/15	10/15
Peritumoral adhesion			0.774
Yes	27/122	95/122
No	13/64	51/64
AEDs			0.021
no	7/80	73/80
Prophylactic treatment	24/68	44/68
Treatment for seizure attack before operation	9/38	29/38